TESTE DE VOCABULÁRIO EM INGLÊS — B1


TESTE DE VOCABULÁRIO EM INGLÊS — B1

100 questões de múltipla escolha

Instruções: Escolha a alternativa que melhor completa cada frase.

1.

I usually ______ breakfast at seven o'clock.

A) take
B) do
C) have
D) make

2.

My brother is very ______. He always helps people when they need him.

A) helpful
B) lazy
C) nervous
D) noisy

3.

We need to ______ a hotel before we travel.

A) repair
B) book
C) deliver
D) borrow

4.

I couldn't sleep because the neighbors were making too much ______.

A) voice
B) music
C) sound
D) noise

5.

She is looking ______ her younger brother this weekend.

A) into
B) after
C) at
D) for

6.

I need to ______ some money from the bank before going on vacation.

A) lend
B) spend
C) withdraw
D) waste

7.

The opposite of "cheap" is ______.

A) expensive
B) weak
C) poor
D) low

8.

We were late because our car ______ on the way to work.

A) broke up
B) broke out
C) broke into
D) broke down

9.

Could you ______ me a favor?

A) take
B) give
C) do
D) make

10.

I don't understand this word. I'll ______ it ______ in the dictionary.

A) look / after
B) look / out
C) look / for
D) look / up

11.

She felt very ______ before her job interview.

A) nervous
B) noisy
C) ordinary
D) delicious

12.

You should ______ an appointment with the doctor.

A) take
B) make
C) have
D) do

13.

The train was very ______, so we had to stand.

A) comfortable
B) empty
C) crowded
D) quiet

14.

I forgot my umbrella and got completely ______.

A) tired
B) dirty
C) cold
D) wet

15.

He is very ______. He never tells lies.

A) lucky
B) honest
C) polite
D) patient

16.

We need to ______ the meeting until next week.

A) postpone
B) prepare
C) arrive
D) invite

17.

My sister is ______ in learning Japanese.

A) interest
B) interesting
C) interested
D) interests

18.

I don't have enough money to ______ a new laptop.

A) earn
B) afford
C) save
D) cost

19.

The teacher asked us to ______ our homework before Friday.

A) stop
B) close
C) finish
D) end

20.

Could you ______ the lights? It's too dark here.

A) take off
B) put away
C) turn off
D) turn on

21.

I usually ______ the bus to work.

A) drive
B) take
C) make
D) go

22.

She ______ a lot of money from her new job.

A) earns
B) finds
C) wins
D) gains

23.

Don't forget to ______ your passport when you travel abroad.

A) hold
B) bring
C) take
D) carry

24.

My phone battery is almost ______.

A) finished
B) dead
C) ended
D) empty

25.

We need to ______ a decision soon.

A) take
B) make
C) create
D) do

26.

He is very ______. He always arrives on time.

A) selfish
B) reliable
C) careless
D) nervous

27.

I don't like this shirt. Can I ______ it?

A) return
B) replace
C) exchange
D) change

28.

She ______ smoking two years ago.

A) gave back
B) gave out
C) gave up
D) gave away

29.

The movie was so ______ that I almost fell asleep.

A) tired
B) tiring
C) boring
D) bored

30.

I'm really ______ because I have an important exam tomorrow.

A) worried
B) comfortable
C) pleased
D) exciting

31.

The supermarket is ______ from my house, so I usually walk there.

A) close up
B) nearly
C) nearby
D) near to

32.

We need to ______ the problem before it gets worse.

A) answer
B) solve
C) explain
D) reply

33.

He couldn't come to work because he was ______.

A) pain
B) unhealthy
C) injured
D) ill

34.

I need to ______ some photos from my phone to my computer.

A) connect
B) transfer
C) upload
D) download

35.

Please ______ the form and send it to us by email.

A) fill over
B) fill up with
C) fill on
D) fill in

36.

The hotel room was very ______. There was a large bed and a beautiful view.

A) comfortable
B) suitable
C) convenient
D) available

37.

My father is ______ from work at 6 p.m.

A) usual back
B) back usually
C) usually back
D) usually returns back

38.

I don't know where my keys are. Can you help me ______ them?

A) look at
B) look for
C) look up
D) look after

39.

She speaks English very ______.

A) betterly
B) good
C) well
D) best

40.

We had to ______ the match because of the rain.

A) avoid
B) prevent
C) refuse
D) cancel

41.

I was very ______ when I passed my driving test.

A) pleased
B) disappointed
C) boring
D) nervous

42.

You should ______ your room before your guests arrive.

A) turn up
B) take up
C) look up
D) tidy up

43.

The opposite of "dangerous" is ______.

A) careful
B) safe
C) quiet
D) secure

44.

I don't have any cash. Can I ______ by credit card?

A) spend
B) cost
C) pay
D) charge

45.

The teacher told us to ______ attention.

A) give
B) pay
C) take
D) make

46.

We are ______ forward to our vacation.

A) seeing
B) waiting
C) looking
D) watching

47.

He is ______ of heights, so he doesn't like flying.

A) nervous
B) afraid
C) anxious
D) worried

48.

I have to ______ my little sister while my parents are away.

A) look up
B) look into
C) look after
D) look for

49.

She ______ a mistake in her report.

A) made
B) took
C) did
D) had

50.

Can you ______ me your phone? I need to make a call.

A) give
B) borrow
C) rent
D) lend

51.

I need to ______ some new shoes because my old ones are uncomfortable.

A) pay
B) spend
C) buy
D) cost

52.

The restaurant was so ______ that we couldn't find a free table.

A) busy
B) full
C) crowded
D) noisy

53.

My grandmother is 80, but she is still very ______.

A) working
B) active
C) alive
D) energetic

54.

We arrived ______ the airport two hours before the flight.

A) to
B) on
C) at
D) in

55.

I have never ______ such a beautiful place.

A) watched
B) seen
C) observed
D) looked

56.

The doctor told me to ______ more water.

A) have
B) drink
C) take
D) eat

57.

You should ______ a jacket. It's cold outside.

A) carry
B) dress
C) wear
D) put

58.

He ______ his job because he found a better one.

A) left
B) lost
C) abandoned
D) missed

59.

I don't ______ what time the shop closes.

A) understand
B) remember
C) realize
D) know

60.

Could you ______ the volume? It's too loud.

A) turn away
B) turn over
C) turn down
D) turn off

61.

She ______ her mother. They look very similar.

A) looks after
B) takes off
C) looks for
D) takes after

62.

I need to ______ my email before I send it.

A) check
B) see
C) watch
D) control

63.

The bus was late, so I ______ my appointment.

A) lost
B) forgot
C) missed
D) failed

64.

He works very ______ because he wants to finish early.

A) strongly
B) hard
C) strong
D) hardly

65.

The teacher asked us to ______ the answer in our notebooks.

A) write over
B) write out from
C) write down
D) write up

66.

I don't like this hotel. The room is too ______.

A) noisily
B) noisy
C) noise
D) noisiness

67.

She was ______ when she heard the good news.

A) delighted
B) confusing
C) disappointing
D) surprising

68.

You should ______ your seat belt before the car starts moving.

A) fix
B) close
C) attach
D) fasten

69.

I have to ______ a presentation at work tomorrow.

A) take
B) make
C) give
D) do

70.

He couldn't ______ the instructions because they were too complicated.

A) understand
B) notice
C) recognize
D) realize

71.

We need to ______ the train at the next station.

A) get out
B) get off
C) go away
D) leave from

72.

She is very ______. She always thinks carefully before making decisions.

A) sensitive
B) serious
C) sensible
D) nervous

73.

The opposite of "polite" is ______.

A) angry
B) unfriendly
C) rough
D) rude

74.

I forgot to ______ my alarm, so I woke up late.

A) prepare
B) put
C) set
D) make

75.

We should ______ a taxi because it's raining.

A) get
B) make
C) drive
D) take

76.

My computer isn't working. I think it needs to be ______.

A) fixed up
B) repaired
C) corrected
D) prepared

77.

He ______ his old clothes to a charity.

A) exchanged
B) collected
C) donated
D) borrowed

78.

I don't want to ______ money on things I don't need.

A) spend away
B) waste
C) throw
D) lose

79.

The film was ______ than I expected.

A) well
B) best
C) more good
D) better

80.

Please ______ me when you arrive.

A) speak
B) tell to
C) call
D) say

81.

She is responsible ______ organizing the event.

A) about
B) with
C) of
D) for

82.

I need to ______ some information about the university.

A) find up
B) know about
C) find out
D) discover out

83.

He ______ his jacket because he was feeling hot.

A) took away
B) took off
C) took down
D) took out

84.

The students were ______ because they had an important test.

A) stress
B) stressful
C) stressing
D) stressed

85.

We don't have enough time to ______ the whole museum.

A) assist
B) visit
C) attend
D) assist to

86.

I ______ my wallet on the bus yesterday.

A) forgot
B) missed
C) left
D) lost

87.

She has a very good ______ of humor.

A) thought
B) sense
C) feeling
D) mind

88.

The teacher asked the students to work ______ pairs.

A) with
B) at
C) in
D) on

89.

I was ______ by how quickly he learned English.

A) interested
B) impressive
C) surprised
D) impressed

90.

You should ______ smoking if you want to improve your health.

A) give back
B) give away
C) give up
D) give out

91.

He doesn't ______ well with his new colleagues.

A) get through
B) get on
C) get over
D) get up

92.

The weather was terrible, but we ______ going for a walk.

A) went away
B) went over
C) went on
D) went out

93.

I need to ______ my clothes before the trip.

A) gather up
B) prepare up
C) pack
D) collect

94.

She was late because she ______ the bus.

A) forgot
B) left
C) missed
D) lost

95.

The doctor gave me some ______ about how to improve my diet.

A) suggestion
B) advice
C) information
D) advices

96.

We should ______ the environment by using less plastic.

A) save from
B) prevent
C) protect
D) defend from

97.

He is ______ in computers and technology.

A) keen
B) exciting
C) interesting
D) interested

98.

I can't hear you. Could you ______?

A) speak through
B) speak over
C) speak up
D) speak out

99.

The company is going to ______ a new product next month.

A) start up
B) launch
C) open up
D) begin out

100.

After a long discussion, we finally ______ an agreement.

A) arrived
B) came
C) got
D) reached

GABARITO

Resp.Resp.Resp.Resp.
1C26B51C76B
2A27C52C77C
3B28C53B78B
4D29C54C79D
5B30A55B80C
6C31C56B81D
7A32B57C82C
8D33D58A83B
9C34B59D84D
10D35D60C85B
11A36A61D86C
12B37C62A87B
13C38B63C88C
14D39C64B89D
15B40D65C90C
16A41A66B91B
17C42D67A92C
18B43B68D93C
19C44C69C94C
20D45B70A95B
21B46C71B96C
22A47B72C97D
23C48C73D98C
24B49A74C99B
25B50D75D100D


O Past Participle (particípio passado)

O past participle (particípio passado) é uma das formas mais importantes dos verbos em inglês. Ele aparece em várias estruturas: Present Perfect, Past Perfect, voz passiva, terceira coluna dos verbos irregulares, adjetivos, entre outras.

1. O que é o Past Participle?

Em inglês, muitos verbos são apresentados em três formas principais:

InfinitivoSimple PastPast ParticiplePortuguês
workworkedworkedtrabalhar
playplayedplayedjogar
studystudiedstudiedestudar
gowentgoneir
eatateeatencomer
seesawseenver
writewrotewrittenescrever
taketooktakenpegar/levar
speakspokespokenfalar
dodiddonefazer

O past participle é a terceira forma do verbo.

Por exemplo:

GO → WENT → GONE

  • go = infinitivo

  • went = simple past

  • gone = past participle

É importante não confundir:

I went to London.
Eu fui para Londres.

Aqui usamos went, porque estamos usando o Simple Past.

I have gone to London.
Eu fui para Londres / Eu tenho ido para Londres.

Aqui usamos gone, porque temos a estrutura do Present Perfect:

have + past participle


2. Past Participle dos verbos regulares

Nos verbos regulares, normalmente o Simple Past e o Past Participle são iguais.

Por exemplo:

InfinitivoPastPast Participle
workworkedworked
playplayedplayed
openopenedopened
cleancleanedcleaned
visitvisitedvisited
watchwatchedwatched
studystudiedstudied

Observe:

WORK → WORKED → WORKED

Exemplos:

I worked yesterday.
Eu trabalhei ontem.

worked = Simple Past.

Agora:

I have worked here for five years.
Eu trabalho aqui há cinco anos.

worked = Past Participle.

A palavra é igual, mas a função gramatical é diferente.


3. Past Participle dos verbos irregulares

Aqui está uma das partes mais importantes.

Nos verbos irregulares, o Past Participle geralmente não segue uma regra simples.

Alguns exemplos:

InfinitivoSimple PastPast ParticiplePortuguês
bewas/werebeenser/estar
becomebecamebecometornar-se
beginbeganbeguncomeçar
breakbrokebrokenquebrar
bringbroughtbroughttrazer
buyboughtboughtcomprar
choosechosechosenescolher
comecamecomevir
dodiddonefazer
drinkdrankdrunkbeber
drivedrovedrivendirigir
eatateeatencomer
findfoundfoundencontrar
forgetforgotforgottenesquecer
givegavegivendar
gowentgoneir
knowknewknownsaber/conhecer
leaveleftleftsair/deixar
makemademadefazer
seesawseenver
speakspokespokenfalar
taketooktakenpegar/levar
writewrotewrittenescrever

Por isso, é importante memorizar o verbo nas três formas.

Por exemplo:

WRITE – WROTE – WRITTEN

e não simplesmente:

write – wrote – "wrote"


4. Para que usamos o Past Participle?

O Past Participle tem várias funções.

As principais são:

1. Present Perfect

have/has + past participle

2. Past Perfect

had + past participle

3. Future Perfect

will have + past participle

4. Voz passiva

be + past participle

5. Adjetivos

Muitos particípios passados funcionam como adjetivos.

Vamos estudar cada caso.


5. Past Participle no Present Perfect

Uma das utilizações mais importantes é com o Present Perfect.

Estrutura:

have/has + past participle

Exemplos

I have finished my work.
Eu terminei meu trabalho.

have + finished


She has visited Spain three times.
Ela visitou a Espanha três vezes.

has + visited


We have seen this movie before.
Nós já vimos este filme antes.

have + seen


He has eaten breakfast.
Ele tomou café da manhã.

has + eaten

Observe:

eat → ate → eaten

Não podemos dizer:

He has ate breakfast.

O correto é:

He has eaten breakfast.


6. Past Participle no Past Perfect

O Past Perfect usa:

had + past participle

Exemplo:

I had finished the work before he arrived.
Eu tinha terminado o trabalho antes de ele chegar.

Temos:

had + finished

Outro exemplo:

She had already left when I called her.
Ela já tinha saído quando eu liguei para ela.

had + left

Observe:

leave → left → left


Outro:

They had eaten before the meeting started.
Eles tinham comido antes de a reunião começar.

had + eaten


7. Past Participle no Future Perfect

Também podemos usar o Past Participle no Future Perfect.

Estrutura:

will have + past participle

Exemplo:

I will have finished the project by Friday.
Eu terei terminado o projeto até sexta-feira.

will have + finished

Outro:

She will have arrived by 8 p.m.
Ela terá chegado até as 20h.

will have + arrived


8. Past Participle na voz passiva

Outra função fundamental é formar a Passive Voice.

A estrutura básica é:

be + past participle

Por exemplo:

The car was repaired.
O carro foi consertado.

Temos:

was + repaired


The house was built in 1990.
A casa foi construída em 1990.

was + built

Observe:

build → built → built


English is spoken here.
Inglês é falado aqui.

is + spoken


The book was written by George Orwell.
O livro foi escrito por George Orwell.

was + written


9. O Past Participle pode aparecer com diferentes formas de "be"

Isso é muito importante.

O verbo be muda de acordo com o tempo verbal, mas o verbo principal permanece no Past Participle.

Compare:

Present Passive

The car is repaired every week.
O carro é consertado toda semana.

is + repaired

Past Passive

The car was repaired yesterday.
O carro foi consertado ontem.

was + repaired

Present Perfect Passive

The car has been repaired.
O carro foi consertado / O carro já foi consertado.

has + been + repaired

Future Passive

The car will be repaired tomorrow.
O carro será consertado amanhã.

will + be + repaired

Perceba que repaired continua sendo Past Participle.


10. Past Participle como adjetivo

O Past Participle também pode funcionar como um adjetivo.

Por exemplo:

a broken window
uma janela quebrada

broken vem de:

break → broke → broken

Outro:

a closed door
uma porta fechada

closed vem de:

close → closed → closed

Outro:

an interesting book
um livro interessante

Aqui temos uma diferença importante entre -ing e -ed.

Compare:

The movie is boring.
O filme é entediante.

I am bored.
Eu estou entediado.

boring descreve aquilo que causa a sensação.

bored descreve a pessoa que sente a sensação.


11. -ED × -ING

Essa diferença é extremamente importante para estudantes de inglês.

Compare:

-ING-ED
interestinginterested
boringbored
excitingexcited
confusingconfused
tiringtired
surprisingsurprised
frighteningfrightened
disappointingdisappointed

Exemplos

The class was interesting.
A aula foi interessante.

The students were interested.
Os alunos ficaram interessados.


The exercise was tiring.
O exercício foi cansativo.

I was tired after the exercise.
Eu estava cansado depois do exercício.


The movie was frightening.
O filme era assustador.

The children were frightened.
As crianças ficaram assustadas.


12. Cuidado: nem todo Past Participle é usado como passado

Esse é um ponto muito importante.

O nome past participle pode dar a impressão de que ele sempre indica passado.

Não é verdade.

Veja:

I have eaten.
Eu comi / Eu tenho comido.

Aqui eaten é Past Participle.

Mas:

The food is eaten by the children.
A comida é comida pelas crianças.

Aqui eaten também é Past Participle, mas estamos no presente passivo.

Portanto:

Past Participle ≠ necessariamente passado.

Ele é uma forma verbal, e o tempo/estrutura depende dos auxiliares.


13. Diferença entre Simple Past e Past Participle

Essa é provavelmente a maior dificuldade para estudantes brasileiros.

Compare:

Simple Past

I saw John yesterday.
Eu vi John ontem.

saw = Simple Past

Present Perfect

I have seen John before.
Eu já vi John antes.

seen = Past Participle

O verbo é:

SEE – SAW – SEEN

Outro exemplo:

Simple Past

She wrote a letter.
Ela escreveu uma carta.

wrote = Simple Past

Present Perfect

She has written a letter.
Ela escreveu uma carta / Ela já escreveu uma carta.

written = Past Participle

WRITE – WROTE – WRITTEN


14. Uma maneira fácil de identificar o Past Participle

Procure os auxiliares.

Se você encontrar:

HAVE / HAS + verbo

provavelmente temos Present Perfect:

I have eaten.
Eu comi.

HAD + verbo

Past Perfect:

I had eaten.
Eu tinha comido.

WILL HAVE + verbo

Future Perfect:

I will have eaten.
Eu terei comido.

BE + verbo

possivelmente voz passiva:

The food was eaten.
A comida foi comida.

HAVE + BEEN + verbo

Present Perfect Passive:

The car has been repaired.
O carro foi consertado.


15. Os três principais usos em uma comparação

Veja o verbo write:

WRITE – WROTE – WRITTEN

Simple Past

I wrote a letter yesterday.
Eu escrevi uma carta ontem.

Present Perfect

I have written a letter.
Eu escrevi uma carta / Eu já escrevi uma carta.

Past Perfect

I had written a letter before dinner.
Eu tinha escrito uma carta antes do jantar.

Observe:

wrote → Simple Past

written → Past Participle


16. Outro exemplo: GO

GO – WENT – GONE

Simple Past

She went to London last year.
Ela foi para Londres no ano passado.

Present Perfect

She has gone to London.
Ela foi para Londres / Ela está em Londres.

Past Perfect

She had gone to London before I arrived.
Ela tinha ido para Londres antes de eu chegar.

Aqui fica muito clara a diferença:

went = Simple Past

gone = Past Participle


17. Verbos em que as três formas são iguais

Alguns verbos têm:

infinitivo = passado = particípio

Por exemplo:

InfinitivoPastPast Participle
cutcutcut
putputput
hithithit
hurthurthurt
letletlet
costcostcost

Exemplo:

I cut the paper yesterday.
Eu cortei o papel ontem.

I have cut the paper.
Eu cortei o papel / Eu já cortei o papel.

A forma escrita é cut nos dois casos.


18. Verbos em que Past e Past Participle são iguais

Outro grupo importante:

InfinitivoPastPast Participle
buyboughtbought
bringbroughtbrought
havehadhad
makemademade
findfoundfound
feelfeltfelt
leaveleftleft
loselostlost
meetmetmet
saysaidsaid
sellsoldsold
telltoldtold
thinkthoughtthought

Por exemplo:

BUY – BOUGHT – BOUGHT

I bought a new phone yesterday.
Eu comprei um telefone novo ontem.

I have bought a new phone.
Eu comprei um telefone novo.

A forma bought é usada tanto no Simple Past quanto como Past Participle.


19. Os verbos mais importantes para memorizar

Para quem está estudando inglês, recomendo memorizar os verbos irregulares sempre em três colunas:

VerbPastPast Participle
bewas/werebeen
becomebecamebecome
beginbeganbegun
breakbrokebroken
bringbroughtbrought
buyboughtbought
choosechosechosen
comecamecome
dodiddone
drinkdrankdrunk
drivedrovedriven
eatateeaten
fallfellfallen
feelfeltfelt
findfoundfound
forgetforgotforgotten
getgotgot/gotten
givegavegiven
gowentgone
havehadhad
knowknewknown
leaveleftleft
makemademade
meetmetmet
readreadread
runranrun
saysaidsaid
seesawseen
sellsoldsold
sendsentsent
speakspokespoken
taketooktaken
teachtaughttaught
telltoldtold
thinkthoughtthought
understandunderstoodunderstood
wearworeworn
winwonwon
writewrotewritten

20. Um detalhe importante: GET

O verbo get merece atenção porque possui duas formas de Past Participle bastante conhecidas:

GET → GOT → GOT/GOTTEN

No inglês britânico, got é muito comum.

No inglês americano, gotten também é muito utilizado.

I have got better.
Eu melhorei.

I have gotten better.
Eu melhorei.

Em alguns contextos, especialmente no inglês americano, gotten pode transmitir uma ideia diferente de got.


21. Como estudar o Past Participle

Em vez de memorizar somente:

go = ir
went = foi
gone = ido

é melhor memorizar uma frase-modelo.

Por exemplo:

GO – WENT – GONE

I go to work every day.
Eu vou ao trabalho todos os dias.

I went to work yesterday.
Eu fui ao trabalho ontem.

I have gone to work.
Eu fui para o trabalho.

SEE – SAW – SEEN

I see my friends every week.
Eu vejo meus amigos toda semana.

I saw my friends yesterday.
Eu vi meus amigos ontem.

I have seen my friends this week.
Eu vi meus amigos esta semana.

Isso ajuda a associar forma + significado + contexto.


22. Resumo visual

Pense no Past Participle desta maneira:

VERBO

3 formas

GO → WENT → GONE

GO = infinitivo

WENT = Simple Past

GONE = Past Participle

O Past Participle aparece principalmente em:

HAVE/HAS + PP

I have gone.

HAD + PP

I had gone.

WILL HAVE + PP

I will have gone.

BE + PP

He was invited.

Adjetivo

a broken window


A regra mais importante para guardar

Não pense:

Past Participle = passado

Pense:

Past Participle = uma forma específica do verbo que normalmente precisa de outra estrutura para funcionar.

Por exemplo:

WRITE → WROTE → WRITTEN

  • wrote → passado simples

  • written → particípio passado

E:

I wrote a letter.
Eu escrevi uma carta.

mas:

I have written a letter.
Eu escrevi/já escrevi uma carta.

e:

The letter was written yesterday.
A carta foi escrita ontem.

Assim, o Past Participle é fundamental para dominar Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Future Perfect e Passive Voice, além de aparecer frequentemente como adjetivo.


Exercício

Complete as frases

Complete cada frase com o Past Participle do verbo entre parênteses.

  1. I have ________ my homework. (do)
  2. She has ________ three books this month. (read)
  3. They have ________ to Spain twice. (go)
  4. He has ________ a new car. (buy)
  5. We have ________ this movie before. (see)
  6. She had ________ dinner before I arrived. (eat)
  7. They had ________ the house before the guests arrived. (clean)
  8. I have never ________ sushi. (try)
  9. He has ________ his keys again. (lose)
  10. The window was ________ yesterday. (break)
  11. The book was ________ by a famous author. (write)
  12. English is ________ in many countries. (speak)
  13. The students have ________ the exercise. (finish)
  14. She has ________ her homework already. (finish)
  15. We had ________ the problem before the meeting. (solve)
  16. The letter was ________ yesterday morning. (send)
  17. He has ________ his wallet at home. (forget)
  18. The car has been ________ by the mechanic. (repair)
  19. I have ________ that song many times. (hear)
  20. The documents had been ________ before the meeting started. (prepare)

Gabarito

  1. done
  2. read
  3. gone
  4. bought
  5. seen
  6. eaten
  7. cleaned
  8. tried
  9. lost
  10. broken
  11. written
  12. spoken
  13. finished
  14. finished
  15. solved
  16. sent
  17. forgotten
  18. repaired
  19. heard
  20. prepared

Expressar posse em inglês

Em inglês, posse pode ser expressa de várias maneiras. As principais são possessive adjectives, possessive pronouns, 's e of.

1. Possessive adjectives — adjetivos possessivos

São usados antes de um substantivo para indicar a quem algo pertence.

PessoaPossessivoExemploTradução
ImyThis is my car.Este é meu carro.
YouyourWhere is your phone?Onde está seu telefone?
HehisThat is his house.Aquela é a casa dele.
SheherI like her dress.Eu gosto do vestido dela.
ItitsThe dog hurt its leg.O cachorro machucou a pata dele.
WeourThis is our school.Esta é nossa escola.
YouyourThese are your books.Estes são seus livros.
TheytheirThat is their car.Aquele é o carro deles.

Estrutura

possessivo + substantivo

My brother is a doctor.
Meu irmão é médico.

Her mother lives in London.
A mãe dela mora em Londres.

Their house is very big.
A casa deles é muito grande.

⚠️ Diferentemente do português, não usamos artigo entre o possessivo e o substantivo:

My the car
My car


2. Possessive pronouns — pronomes possessivos

Os pronomes possessivos substituem o substantivo. Portanto, não vêm acompanhados de um substantivo imediatamente depois.

AdjetivoPronomeExemploTradução
mymineThis book is mine.Este livro é meu.
youryoursThis car is yours.Este carro é seu.
hishisThe blue jacket is his.A jaqueta azul é dele.
herhersThe red bag is hers.A bolsa vermelha é dela.
ouroursThe house is ours.A casa é nossa.
youryoursThese seats are yours.Estes lugares são seus.
theirtheirsThe children are theirs.As crianças são deles.

Compare:

This is my book.
Este é meu livro.

This book is mine.
Este livro é meu.

A diferença é:

my + substantivo

mine = substitui "my + substantivo"

Outros exemplos

Is this your phone?
Este é seu telefone?

Is this phone yours?
Este telefone é seu?


3. Posse com 's

Uma das formas mais importantes de expressar posse em inglês é usar:

pessoa + 's + coisa

John's car
o carro de John

Mary's house
a casa de Mary

Peter's computer
o computador de Peter

Exemplos em frases

This is John's car.
Este é o carro de John.

That's Sarah's phone.
Esse é o telefone de Sarah.

Where is David's passport?
Onde está o passaporte de David?

I borrowed my brother's bicycle.
Peguei emprestada a bicicleta do meu irmão.


4. 's com pessoas

Normalmente usamos 's quando o possuidor é uma pessoa ou um animal.

My father's car
o carro do meu pai

My sister's room
o quarto da minha irmã

The teacher's book
o livro do professor

The dog's food
a comida do cachorro

Compare com o português

Português:

o carro do meu pai

Inglês:

my father's car

A ordem muda:

Português: coisa + de + pessoa

Inglês: pessoa + 's + coisa


5. Nomes terminados em S

Quando um nome singular termina em s, normalmente podemos usar 's:

James's car
o carro de James

Charles's house
a casa de Charles

Também é possível encontrar:

James' car

As duas formas aparecem, dependendo do estilo/guia de escrita. Para estudantes, James's é uma opção clara e comum.


6. Posse no plural

Quando o possuidor é um substantivo plural que já termina em -s, usamos apenas o apóstrofo:

plural + ' + coisa

my parents' house
a casa dos meus pais

the students' books
os livros dos alunos

the teachers' room
a sala dos professores

Observe:

one student

the student's book
o livro do aluno

two students

the students' books
os livros dos alunos


7. Quando o plural é irregular

Se o plural não termina em -s, usamos 's.

children's toys
brinquedos das crianças

men's clothes
roupas masculinas / roupas dos homens

women's rights
direitos das mulheres

people's opinions
opiniões das pessoas

Observe:

children → plural irregular → children's

Não:

childrens'


8. Posse com of

Também podemos usar of para indicar posse:

the + coisa + of + possuidor

the door of the house
a porta da casa

the name of the company
o nome da empresa

the color of the car
a cor do carro

Entretanto, com pessoas, normalmente preferimos 's.

Compare:

John's car
o carro de John

the car of John ⚠️
possível, mas pouco natural em inglês comum.


9. 's ou of?

Uma regra prática:

Pessoas → geralmente 's

Maria's brother
o irmão de Maria

the student's computer
o computador do aluno

my friend's house
a casa do meu amigo

Coisas/objetos → frequentemente of

the door of the car
a porta do carro

the end of the movie
o final do filme

the beginning of the story
o começo da história

Mas essa regra não é absoluta. Inglês também usa 's com lugares, organizações, tempo etc.:

Brazil's economy
a economia do Brasil

the company's president
o presidente da empresa

today's news
as notícias de hoje


10. Posse com tempo

's também pode indicar uma relação com tempo:

today's lesson
a aula de hoje

tomorrow's meeting
a reunião de amanhã

yesterday's news
as notícias de ontem

a week's vacation
uma semana de férias

two weeks' vacation
duas semanas de férias


11. Dupla posse — double genitive

Uma estrutura um pouco mais avançada é:

a/an + substantivo + of + possessive

Por exemplo:

a friend of mine
um amigo meu

Literalmente, a estrutura é semelhante a:

um amigo de mim

Mas em português natural dizemos:

um amigo meu

Outros exemplos:

She's a friend of mine.
Ela é uma amiga minha.

He's a colleague of hers.
Ele é um colega dela.

That's a book of his.
Esse é um livro dele.

Compare:

my friend = meu amigo

a friend of mine = um amigo meu

A segunda estrutura geralmente apresenta um entre vários amigos.


12. Possessivo não significa necessariamente propriedade

Em inglês, a ideia de posse pode significar simplesmente relação.

my mother
minha mãe

my teacher
meu professor

my country
meu país

my company
minha empresa

Não significa necessariamente que a pessoa "possui" aquilo.


13. Cuidado com its e it's

Essa é uma das confusões mais importantes.

its = possessivo

The dog is eating its food.
O cachorro está comendo sua comida.

it's = it is / it has

It's a beautiful dog.
É um cachorro bonito.

It's raining.
Está chovendo.

Portanto:

The company changed its policy.
A empresa mudou sua política.

The company changed it's policy.


14. Resumo das principais estruturas

EstruturaExemploTradução
my + nounmy carmeu carro
mineThe car is mine.O carro é meu.
your + nounyour housesua casa
yoursThe house is yours.A casa é sua.
person + 'sJohn's caro carro de John
plural + 'my parents' housea casa dos meus pais
irregular plural + 'schildren's bookslivros das crianças
of + nounthe door of the housea porta da casa
a + noun + of + possessivea friend of mineum amigo meu

15. Uma comparação muito importante

Veja estas quatro frases:

This is my car.
Este é meu carro.

This car is mine.
Este carro é meu.

This is John's car.
Este é o carro de John.

This car belongs to John.
Este carro pertence a John.

Todas expressam a ideia de posse, mas usando estruturas diferentes.

Regra para memorizar

MY + substantivo

my book

MINE sozinho

The book is mine.

NOME + 'S + substantivo

John's book

OF + substantivo

the cover of the book

Essa distinção é especialmente importante para brasileiros porque my/mine e your/yours não funcionam exatamente como meu/minha e seu/sua em português.




Claro. Abaixo está um teste de inglês sobre possessives (posse), com 50 questões de múltipla escolha, cobrindo my/mine, your/yours, his, her/hers, our/ours, their/theirs, 's, plural possessive, of, its/it's e double genitive.

Teste de Inglês — Possessives

Nível: A2–B1

Escolha a alternativa correta.

1.

This is ___ car.

A) mine
B) my
C) me
D) I

2.

This book is ___.

A) my
B) me
C) mine
D) I

3.

Is this ___ phone?

A) yours
B) you
C) your
D) you're

4.

Is this phone ___?

A) your
B) yours
C) you
D) you're

5.

That is ___ house.

A) he
B) him
C) his
D) he's

6.

That house is ___.

A) his
B) he
C) him
D) he's

7.

This is Sarah's bag. It is ___.

A) her
B) hers
C) she
D) she's

8.

This is ___ bag.

A) hers
B) she
C) her
D) she's

9.

We have a new car. It is ___ car.

A) ours
B) our
C) we
D) us

10.

The blue house is ___.

A) our
B) ours
C) we
D) us

11.

They have two children. ___ children are very friendly.

A) Them
B) Theirs
C) Their
D) They

12.

These books belong to them. They are ___.

A) their
B) theirs
C) them
D) they

13.

I have a new computer. This is ___ computer.

A) mine
B) my
C) me
D) I

14.

This computer belongs to me. It is ___.

A) my
B) mine
C) me
D) I

15.

___ brother works in London.

A) John's
B) John
C) Johns
D) John is

16.

This is ___ car.

A) Maria
B) Marias
C) Maria's
D) Marias'

17.

The students have books. These are the ___ books.

A) student's
B) students
C) students'
D) students's

18.

The teacher has a computer. It is the ___ computer.

A) teachers
B) teacher's
C) teachers'
D) teacher

19.

The children have toys. These are the ___ toys.

A) childrens
B) children's
C) childrens'
D) child

20.

My parents have a house. This is my ___ house.

A) parents
B) parent's
C) parents'
D) parents's

21.

The dog is eating ___ food.

A) it's
B) its
C) it
D) his

22.

___ a very beautiful house.

A) Its
B) It's
C) It
D) Its'

23.

The company changed ___ policy.

A) it's
B) it
C) its
D) itself

24.

___ raining outside.

A) Its
B) It's
C) It
D) Its'

25.

This is the door ___ the house.

A) 's
B) of
C) from
D) at

26.

She is ___ friend of mine.

A) a
B) an
C) the
D) one

27.

He's ___ colleague of hers.

A) an
B) a
C) the
D) any

28.

This is ___ car.

A) my brother
B) my brother's
C) my brothers
D) my brothers'

29.

Those are ___ bicycles.

A) the boys
B) the boy's
C) the boys'
D) the boys's

30.

The women have a room. It is the ___ room.

A) women's
B) women's'
C) womans'
D) women

31.

This is ___ book.

A) James
B) James'
C) James's
D) B and C are possible

32.

The company has a new president. He is ___ president.

A) the company's
B) the companies
C) company's
D) company

33.

I like ___ new house.

A) they
B) theirs
C) their
D) them

34.

This house is ___.

A) their
B) theirs
C) them
D) they

35.

She forgot ___ keys at home.

A) hers
B) she
C) her
D) she's

36.

These keys aren't mine. They are ___.

A) her
B) hers
C) she
D) she's

37.

We went to ___ parents' house.

A) our
B) ours
C) we
D) us

38.

This house belongs to us. It is ___.

A) our
B) ours
C) we
D) us

39.

Where is ___ passport?

A) you
B) yours
C) your
D) you're

40.

Where is the passport? Is it ___?

A) your
B) yours
C) you
D) you're

41.

___ lesson starts at 8 a.m.

A) Today
B) Today's
C) Today is
D) Todays

42.

I read ___ newspaper yesterday.

A) yesterday's
B) yesterday
C) yesterdays
D) yesterday is

43.

We stayed there for ___ vacation.

A) two weeks
B) two week's
C) two weeks'
D) two weeks's

44.

I need ___ vacation.

A) a week's
B) a week
C) one weeks
D) a weeks'

45.

The name ___ the restaurant is very unusual.

A) 's
B) of
C) from
D) to

46.

My sister has a beautiful car. The color ___ car is red.

A) 's
B) of the
C) from
D) for

47.

Which sentence is correct?

A) This is mine book.
B) This is my book.
C) This is me book.
D) This is I book.

48.

Which sentence is correct?

A) The car is my.
B) The car is me.
C) The car is mine.
D) The car is I.

49.

Which sentence means "Ela é uma amiga minha"?

A) She is my friend.
B) She is a friend of mine.
C) She is a mine friend.
D) She is a friend of my.

50.

Which sentence is correct?

A) This is the house of John.
B) This is John's house.
C) This is John house's.
D) This is the Johns house.


Gabarito

RespostaRespostaRespostaRespostaResposta
1B11C21B31D41B
2C12B22B32A42A
3C13B23C33C43C
4B14B24B34B44A
5C15A25B35C45B
6A16C26A36B46B
7B17C27A37A47B
8C18B28B38B48C
9B19B29C39C49B
10B20C30A40B50B