AULA 3 — WORK & CAREER
Tema: Work & Career
Gramática: Past Simple × Present Perfect
Vocabulário: carreira, experiência profissional, empregos, responsabilidades e conquistas
1. Objetivos da aula
Ao final da aula, o aluno deverá ser capaz de:
falar sobre sua trajetória profissional;
descrever empregos anteriores;
falar sobre experiências profissionais;
explicar quando começou uma atividade profissional;
falar sobre experiências que teve ao longo da vida;
diferenciar Past Simple e Present Perfect;
usar corretamente for, since, ever, never, already, yet;
falar sobre conquistas profissionais;
participar de uma entrevista de emprego em inglês.
2. Warm-up — Your Career
Comece com perguntas simples.
Personal questions
What do you do?
Where do you work?
How long have you worked there?
What was your first job?
What other jobs have you had?
Have you ever worked abroad?
Have you ever changed careers?
What was your best job?
What was your most difficult job?
What would you like to do in the future?
Follow-up questions
Depois de cada resposta:
Why?
When did that happen?
How long did you work there?
What did you learn?
Would you do it again?
3. Vocabulary — Jobs and Career
| English | Português |
|---|---|
| career | carreira |
| job | emprego |
| position | cargo |
| occupation | profissão |
| profession | profissão |
| employer | empregador |
| employee | funcionário |
| colleague | colega |
| manager | gerente |
| supervisor | supervisor |
| department | departamento |
| company | empresa |
| workplace | local de trabalho |
| salary | salário |
| promotion | promoção |
| responsibility | responsabilidade |
| experience | experiência |
| qualification | qualificação |
| degree | graduação |
| skill | habilidade |
| achievement | conquista |
| opportunity | oportunidade |
| career path | trajetória profissional |
| career change | mudança de carreira |
| job interview | entrevista de emprego |
| job application | candidatura a emprego |
| résumé / CV | currículo |
| position | vaga/cargo |
4. Useful Career Expressions
Talking about your career
I work as a teacher.
I work for a technology company.
I've worked in education for ten years.
I started my career in 2012.
I have experience in customer service.
I've worked with international clients.
I used to work in sales.
I changed careers a few years ago.
I've had several different jobs.
My current position involves...
5. Grammar — Past Simple
Usamos o Past Simple para falar de ações ou situações que aconteceram e terminaram no passado.
Normalmente existe uma referência a um momento terminado.
Common time expressions
yesterday
last week
last year
two years ago
in 2019
when I was 20
from 2018 to 2021
Examples
I started my first job in 2010.
I worked there for three years.
I left the company in 2021.
I moved to Brazil in 2012.
I studied engineering at university.
I worked as a chef when I lived in France.
6. Past Simple — Structure
Affirmative
Subject + past verb
I worked there.
She studied English.
They started the project.
Negative
Subject + didn't + base verb
I didn't work there.
She didn't study engineering.
They didn't start the project.
Question
Did + subject + base verb?
Did you work there?
Did she study English?
Did they start the project?
7. Grammar — Present Perfect
O Present Perfect conecta uma experiência ou situação passada ao presente.
Structure
have / has + past participle
I have worked.
She has worked.
They have worked.
Examples
I have worked in education for ten years.
She has worked for several companies.
We have completed the project.
I've learned a lot from my previous jobs.
8. Past Simple × Present Perfect
Esta é a principal diferença da aula.
Past Simple
Foco em quando aconteceu.
I worked for Microsoft in 2018.
O período está terminado.
Present Perfect
Foco na experiência ou resultado, sem especificar um momento terminado.
I have worked for several technology companies.
Não estamos dizendo exatamente quando.
9. Compare
Example 1
I worked for ABC Company from 2018 to 2021.
Período terminado.
I have worked for several companies.
Experiência profissional até o presente.
Example 2
I started working in 2015.
Momento específico.
I have worked in this field for eleven years.
Situação que começou no passado e continua até agora.
Example 3
I went to the United States in 2022.
Momento específico.
I have been to the United States several times.
Experiência de vida.
10. A regra prática
Pergunte:
"When?"
Se a frase responde claramente quando aconteceu, normalmente usamos Past Simple.
I started my career in 2015.
I left my previous company last year.
I worked there from 2018 to 2020.
"Have you ever...?"
Se estamos falando de experiência de vida sem especificar quando, usamos Present Perfect.
Have you ever worked abroad?
Have you ever managed a team?
Have you ever changed careers?
11. Important Time Expressions
Past Simple
yesterday
last week
last month
last year
two years ago
in 2020
when I was younger
from 2018 to 2021
Example
I changed jobs last year.
Present Perfect
ever
never
already
yet
recently
lately
so far
several times
before
since
for
Examples
I've never worked abroad.
Have you ever managed a team?
I've already finished the project.
I haven't finished it yet.
12. For × Since
FOR
Indica duração.
for two years
for six months
for ten years
for a long time
Example
I've worked here for five years.
SINCE
Indica o momento em que algo começou.
since 2020
since January
since Monday
since I graduated
Example
I've worked here since 2020.
13. Compare
I've lived here for ten years.
= duração.
I've lived here since 2016.
= ponto inicial.
14. Practice — Choose Past Simple or Present Perfect
Complete as frases.
I _______ (start) my career in 2012.
I _______ (work) in this field for ten years.
She _______ (leave) her previous job last year.
She _______ (have) several different positions.
_______ you ever _______ (work) abroad?
I _______ never _______ (manage) a large team.
We _______ (finish) the project yesterday.
We _______ (complete) several projects this year.
He _______ (join) the company in 2020.
He _______ (work) for the company since 2020.
Answers
started
have worked
left
has had
Have / worked
have / managed
finished
have completed
joined
has worked
15. Common Brazilian Mistakes
Mistake 1
❌ I work here since 2020.
✅ I have worked here since 2020.
Mistake 2
❌ I have worked there last year.
✅ I worked there last year.
Mistake 3
❌ I have started my career in 2015.
✅ I started my career in 2015.
Mistake 4
❌ I have 10 years of work here.
✅ I have worked here for 10 years.
Mistake 5
❌ I am working here since 2020.
✅ I have been working here since 2020.
16. Vocabulary — Career Achievements
| English | Português |
|---|---|
| achieve a goal | alcançar um objetivo |
| get promoted | ser promovido |
| lead a team | liderar uma equipe |
| manage a project | gerenciar um projeto |
| solve a problem | resolver um problema |
| develop a skill | desenvolver uma habilidade |
| gain experience | adquirir experiência |
| complete a project | concluir um projeto |
| meet a deadline | cumprir um prazo |
| improve performance | melhorar desempenho |
| increase sales | aumentar vendas |
| reduce costs | reduzir custos |
| receive an award | receber um prêmio |
| get a qualification | obter uma qualificação |
| take on responsibility | assumir responsabilidade |
17. Speaking — Career Timeline
O aluno deve criar uma linha do tempo da própria carreira.
Example
2012 → Started working
2015 → Changed companies
2018 → Became a manager
2021 → Started working remotely
2024 → Started a new project
Student presentation
I started my career in 2012.
In 2015, I changed companies.
In 2018, I became a manager.
Since 2021, I've been working remotely.
I've worked on several important projects since then.
18. Speaking — Have You Ever...?
Faça as perguntas:
Have you ever worked abroad?
Have you ever worked remotely?
Have you ever managed a team?
Have you ever given a presentation in English?
Have you ever worked under a lot of pressure?
Have you ever changed careers?
Have you ever started your own business?
Have you ever been promoted?
Have you ever worked for a multinational company?
Have you ever had a difficult boss?
Have you ever made a serious mistake at work?
Have you ever learned an important lesson from a job?
Follow-up
Se o aluno responder "Yes":
When did it happen?
Where were you working?
What happened?
What did you learn?
Se responder "No":
Would you like to?
Why not?
19. Interview Practice
Job Interview
Interviewer
Tell me about your professional experience.
Candidate
I've worked in IT for several years. I started my career in technical support and later moved into infrastructure.
Interviewer
Where did you work before?
Candidate
I worked for a large technology company from 2018 to 2022.
Interviewer
Have you ever worked with international teams?
Candidate
Yes, I have. I've worked with teams from Brazil, the United States and Europe.
Interviewer
What was your biggest professional achievement?
Candidate
One of my biggest achievements was leading a project that improved the company's infrastructure.
20. Important Distinction — "Have you...?" vs. "Did you...?"
Have you worked abroad?
Pergunta sobre experiência de vida.
Did you work abroad in 2022?
Pergunta sobre um período específico.
Have you ever managed a team?
Experiência.
Did you manage the team last year?
Situação específica.
Have you worked for this company before?
Experiência anterior.
Did you work for this company in 2020?
Momento específico.
21. Role-play — Recruiter and Candidate
Student A — Recruiter
Pergunte:
What's your current position?
How long have you worked in this field?
Where did you work before?
Why did you leave your previous job?
Have you ever managed a team?
Have you ever worked abroad?
What skills have you developed?
What was your biggest achievement?
Why are you looking for a new job?
What are your career goals?
Student B — Candidate
Responda usando:
Past Simple;
Present Perfect;
for;
since;
ever;
never;
already;
yet.
Depois troque os papéis.
22. Discussion — Career Changes
Discuta:
Why do people change careers?
Is it better to specialize or learn many different skills?
Is salary the most important factor when choosing a job?
How important is job satisfaction?
Would you accept a lower salary for a better work-life balance?
Is changing jobs frequently a bad thing?
Is experience more important than education?
Should people continue studying throughout their careers?
How has technology changed the workplace?
What skills will be important in the future?
23. Final Speaking Challenge
Topic:
"Tell me about your career."
O aluno deve falar durante 4–5 minutos.
A apresentação deve incluir:
Past
When did you start your career?
What was your first job?
Where did you work?
What did you learn?
Experience
What jobs have you had?
What skills have you developed?
Have you ever worked abroad?
Have you ever managed a team?
Present
What do you do now?
How long have you worked there?
What are your main responsibilities?
Future
What would you like to do next?
Would you like to change careers?
What professional goals do you have?
24. Final Challenge — Tell Me About Your Career
O professor não deve interromper o aluno durante os primeiros 3 minutos.
O aluno deve tentar usar:
5 Past Simple sentences
5 Present Perfect sentences
2 sentences with since
2 sentences with for
2 questions with Have you ever...?
3 career expressions
25. Homework
Writing
Escreva 200–250 palavras sobre sua trajetória profissional.
Título:
My Career Journey
Inclua:
Your first job.
When you started your career.
Previous jobs.
Important career changes.
Professional achievements.
Skills you have developed.
Your current position.
Your future goals.
Grammar requirement
Use pelo menos:
5 exemplos de Past Simple;
5 exemplos de Present Perfect;
2 exemplos com for;
2 exemplos com since;
2 exemplos com ever/never.
26. Speaking Homework
Grave um áudio de 4 minutos respondendo:
"Tell me about your professional experience and your career goals."
Tente falar sem ler um texto completo.
Use apenas palavras-chave como:
first job → experience → companies → achievements → skills → current job → future
27. Review
Past Simple
Finished past + specific time
I started my career in 2015.
I worked there from 2018 to 2021.
I left the company last year.
Present Perfect
Experience / connection with the present
I've worked in this field for ten years.
I've had several different jobs.
I've never worked abroad.
Have you ever managed a team?
For
Duration
I've worked here for five years.
Since
Starting point
I've worked here since 2021.
28. Key Vocabulary
career — carreira
job — emprego
position — cargo
experience — experiência
responsibility — responsabilidade
achievement — conquista
qualification — qualificação
promotion — promoção
career path — trajetória profissional
career change — mudança de carreira
gain experience — adquirir experiência
develop skills — desenvolver habilidades
lead a team — liderar uma equipe
manage a project — gerenciar um projeto
get promoted — ser promovido
29. Teacher's Evaluation
| Skill | Score |
|---|---|
| Vocabulary | /5 |
| Grammar | /5 |
| Pronunciation | /5 |
| Fluency | /5 |
| Interaction | /5 |
| Past Simple | /5 |
| Present Perfect | /5 |
| Ability to talk about career | /5 |
Main objective
O aluno deve terminar a aula conseguindo contar sua trajetória profissional, falar sobre experiências e conquistas e participar de uma entrevista de emprego, usando Past Simple para acontecimentos terminados e Present Perfect para experiências e situações conectadas ao presente.