Teste de Business English nível B1

Teste de Business English nível B1 com 100 questões, misturando vocabulário e gramática em situações profissionais: reuniões, e-mails, atendimento ao cliente, vendas, marketing, escritório, prazos, viagens de negócios e comunicação profissional.

Business English B1 — Vocabulary & Grammar Test

100 questões de múltipla escolha

1.

We need to ______ the meeting because the manager is sick.

A) postpone
B) improve
C) deliver
D) borrow

2.

Sarah ______ for the company since 2022.

A) works
B) worked
C) has worked
D) is working

3.

Could you send me the ______ of today's meeting?

A) salary
B) minutes
C) discount
D) department

4.

Our sales team ______ a new client last week.

A) find
B) finds
C) has found
D) found

5.

If you have any questions, please ______ me.

A) contact
B) attend
C) apply
D) increase

6.

The company is looking for someone with good communication ______.

A) experiences
B) skills
C) responsibilities
D) salaries

7.

We ______ the report by Friday.

A) finish
B) finished
C) will finish
D) finishing

8.

The opposite of "increase" is:

A) improve
B) reduce
C) develop
D) achieve

9.

I'd like to ______ an appointment with the sales manager.

A) do
B) take
C) make
D) put

10.

Our office ______ at 8:30 every morning.

A) opens
B) is opening
C) opened
D) has opened

11.

The client wasn't happy ______ the service.

A) at
B) on
C) with
D) for

12.

We need to reduce our operating ______.

A) costs
B) customers
C) orders
D) meetings

13.

I'm sorry, but I ______ attend tomorrow's meeting.

A) can't
B) don't
C) won't to
D) amn't

14.

The company has offices ______ Brazil and Argentina.

A) at
B) in
C) on
D) by

15.

Could you ______ me a copy of the contract?

A) give
B) make
C) do
D) take

16.

The project is ______ schedule, so we need to work faster.

A) under
B) behind
C) between
D) during

17.

Our company ______ a new product next month.

A) launches
B) launched
C) has launched
D) is going to launch

18.

We need to ______ a decision before Friday.

A) make
B) do
C) take up
D) give

19.

John is responsible ______ managing the sales department.

A) to
B) with
C) for
D) about

20.

I haven't received your email ______.

A) already
B) yet
C) still
D) ever

21.

The company offered me a higher ______.

A) salary
B) invoice
C) deadline
D) customer

22.

We usually have lunch ______ 12:30.

A) in
B) on
C) at
D) by

23.

The meeting was ______ because the director was unavailable.

A) canceled
B) delivered
C) developed
D) invited

24.

If sales ______, we will hire more employees.

A) increase
B) increased
C) will increase
D) increasing

25.

Please ______ the attached document before the meeting.

A) look
B) review
C) attend
D) apply

26.

She is very good ______ negotiating with clients.

A) in
B) at
C) on
D) for

27.

We have to meet the project ______.

A) deadline
B) salary
C) supplier
D) branch

28.

I ______ my manager about the problem yesterday.

A) tell
B) have told
C) told
D) am telling

29.

The company wants to ______ its business in Asia.

A) expand
B) borrow
C) attend
D) complain

30.

Would you mind ______ the report again?

A) check
B) to check
C) checking
D) checked

31.

Our new employee ______ speak three languages.

A) can
B) cans
C) is can
D) can to

32.

The customer asked for a ______ because the product was damaged.

A) promotion
B) refund
C) salary
D) meeting

33.

We ______ this supplier for more than five years.

A) use
B) used
C) have used
D) are use

34.

Please arrive ______ time for the presentation.

A) on
B) at
C) in
D) by

35.

The company needs to improve its customer ______.

A) satisfaction
B) satisfied
C) satisfying
D) satisfy

36.

He ______ the company two years ago.

A) joins
B) has joined
C) joined
D) is joining

37.

Could you ______ the meeting to 3 p.m.?

A) move
B) grow
C) rise
D) earn

38.

We need more information ______ the new project.

A) about
B) at
C) from
D) by

39.

The manager asked me ______ the report by Monday.

A) finish
B) finishing
C) to finish
D) finished

40.

Our products are very popular ______ young customers.

A) between
B) among
C) during
D) through

41.

The company made a large ______ in new technology.

A) investment
B) employee
C) appointment
D) agreement

42.

I ______ coffee when the client called me.

A) drink
B) drank
C) was drinking
D) have drunk

43.

We need to find a solution ______ this problem.

A) for
B) at
C) on
D) from

44.

The new software is much ______ than the old system.

A) efficient
B) more efficient
C) most efficient
D) efficiently

45.

Please ______ sure that all the information is correct.

A) do
B) take
C) make
D) have

46.

The sales department is ______ a new marketing campaign.

A) working on
B) working at
C) working for
D) working from

47.

How long ______ you worked for this company?

A) did
B) are
C) have
D) do

48.

The client wants to ______ the order.

A) cancel
B) canceling
C) canceled
D) cancellation

49.

We don't have ______ time to finish everything today.

A) many
B) enough
C) too many
D) few

50.

The company is planning to open a new ______ in Madrid.

A) branch
B) salary
C) invoice
D) deadline

51.

She ______ to London on business three times last year.

A) travels
B) traveled
C) has traveled
D) is traveling

52.

Could you please ______ me your phone number?

A) say
B) tell
C) speak
D) talk

53.

The manager is interested ______ expanding the company.

A) in
B) on
C) at
D) for

54.

We need to ______ the price before signing the contract.

A) negotiate
B) attend
C) deliver
D) employ

55.

The presentation starts ______ ten minutes.

A) since
B) for
C) in
D) during

56.

They haven't finished the project ______.

A) already
B) yet
C) ever
D) just

57.

Our company ______ 200 people.

A) employs
B) employment
C) employer
D) employee

58.

The customer complained ______ the poor service.

A) about
B) for
C) with
D) by

59.

I think we ______ need to change the strategy.

A) should
B) must to
C) ought
D) should to

60.

The meeting ______ when I arrived.

A) already started
B) had already started
C) has already started
D) starts already

61.

We need to ______ the quality of our products.

A) improve
B) increase
C) raise up
D) grow up

62.

The invoice must be paid ______ 30 days.

A) since
B) during
C) within
D) while

63.

I'd like to ______ a complaint about my order.

A) make
B) do
C) take
D) put

64.

Our manager ______ us to work from home on Fridays.

A) allows
B) lets to
C) makes to
D) permits us

65.

The company has ______ its prices because of higher production costs.

A) risen
B) raised
C) grown
D) increased up

66.

We are looking ______ a new office.

A) at
B) for
C) after
D) into

67.

If I ______ you, I would talk to the manager.

A) am
B) was
C) were
D) be

68.

The client said that he ______ the proposal the following day.

A) would review
B) will review
C) reviews
D) reviewed

69.

Our employees receive excellent ______ such as health insurance.

A) benefits
B) profits
C) invoices
D) branches

70.

The company ______ a lot of money last year.

A) earns
B) earned
C) has earn
D) is earning

71.

We need to deal ______ this issue immediately.

A) about
B) for
C) with
D) at

72.

Could you ______ the volume of the presentation?

A) turn up
B) turn on
C) turn into
D) turn over

73.

The new employee is ______ training this week.

A) making
B) taking
C) doing
D) having

74.

I haven't spoken to the client ______ Monday.

A) for
B) since
C) during
D) from

75.

The manager asked us ______ late.

A) don't stay
B) not stay
C) not to stay
D) to not staying

76.

Our company specializes ______ software development.

A) at
B) in
C) on
D) with

77.

The product was cheaper ______ I expected.

A) that
B) than
C) as
D) then

78.

We ______ our sales target last month.

A) achieved
B) achieved to
C) succeeded
D) managed

79.

The company is ______ a new employee for the marketing department.

A) hiring
B) borrowing
C) attending
D) ordering

80.

Please let me know ______ you need any further information.

A) what
B) whether
C) if
D) which

81.

We had to ______ the delivery because of bad weather.

A) delay
B) develop
C) employ
D) raise

82.

This report ______ by the finance department every month.

A) prepares
B) is prepared
C) prepared
D) is preparing

83.

The client is looking for a product that ______ easy to use.

A) are
B) be
C) is
D) has

84.

Our company has offices in several ______.

A) countries
B) countrys
C) country's
D) country

85.

The meeting was very ______. We made several important decisions.

A) productive
B) production
C) produce
D) productively

86.

We need to cut ______ unnecessary expenses.

A) off
B) down on
C) away
D) out from

87.

I am writing ______ your recent email.

A) regarding
B) regard
C) regarded
D) regards to

88.

The company hasn't decided ______ to launch the product yet.

A) what
B) when
C) who
D) which

89.

We ______ be able to finish the project by Friday.

A) might
B) might to
C) can to
D) must to

90.

The customer was satisfied ______ our service.

A) for
B) by
C) with
D) at

91.

She asked me if I ______ available for a meeting.

A) am
B) was
C) have
D) will

92.

The company needs to ______ its employees more training.

A) give
B) make
C) do
D) take

93.

Our sales have ______ significantly this year.

A) increased
B) increase
C) increasing
D) increases

94.

Please ______ attention to the instructions.

A) make
B) give
C) pay
D) take

95.

We need to discuss this issue ______ detail.

A) on
B) at
C) in
D) by

96.

The company decided ______ the old equipment.

A) replace
B) replacing
C) to replace
D) replaced

97.

I ______ the presentation before the meeting started.

A) finished
B) have finished
C) had finished
D) finish

98.

The new policy will come ______ effect next month.

A) into
B) on
C) in
D) at

99.

We are looking forward to ______ from you.

A) hear
B) hearing
C) heard
D) be hearing

100.

If the company ______ more employees, it could increase production.

A) hires
B) hired
C) will hire
D) hiring


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"All" e outras expressões similares em inglês

Em inglês existem várias formas de expressar a ideia de “todo”, “toda”, “todos”, “todas”, “inteiro”, “completo” ou “tudo”. As principais são all, whole, entire, every, each, everything, everyone/everybody e algumas construções específicas.

1. ALL — “todo/toda/todos/todas”

All é uma das palavras mais importantes para essa ideia. Normalmente significa a totalidade de um grupo ou quantidade.

Com substantivos contáveis no plural

  • All the students passed the test.
    → Todos os alunos passaram na prova.
  • All my friends live nearby.
    → Todos os meus amigos moram perto.
  • I read all the books.
    → Eu li todos os livros.

Com substantivos incontáveis

  • I drank all the water.
    → Eu bebi toda a água.
  • She spent all the money.
    → Ela gastou todo o dinheiro.
  • He ate all the food.
    → Ele comeu toda a comida.

Estrutura importante

all + plural/incontável

all the books
todos os livros

all my friends
todos os meus amigos

all the money
todo o dinheiro


2. ALL OF — “todos/toda a”

All of é muito comum antes de pronomes e também pode aparecer antes de determinantes como the, my, your, these etc.

  • All of them are ready.
    → Todos eles estão prontos.
  • All of us were tired.
    → Todos nós estávamos cansados.
  • All of the students passed.
    → Todos os alunos passaram.
  • All of my money is gone.
    → Todo o meu dinheiro acabou.

Compare:

All the students passed.
All of the students passed.

As duas são corretas e têm praticamente o mesmo significado.


3. WHOLE — “todo / inteiro”

Whole normalmente significa uma coisa inteira, completa, do começo ao fim.

É usado principalmente com substantivos contáveis no singular.

Exemplos

  • I watched the whole movie.
    → Eu assisti ao filme inteiro.
  • She ate the whole cake.
    → Ela comeu o bolo inteiro.
  • I spent the whole day studying.
    → Passei o dia inteiro estudando.
  • He worked the whole night.
    → Ele trabalhou a noite inteira.
  • We spent the whole week together.
    → Passamos a semana inteira juntos.

Estrutura

the + whole + substantivo singular

the whole book
o livro inteiro

the whole house
a casa inteira

the whole year
o ano inteiro


4. ENTIRE — “todo / inteiro / completo”

Entire é muito parecido com whole.

  • I read the entire book.
    → Eu li o livro inteiro.
  • She spent the entire day at home.
    → Ela passou o dia inteiro em casa.
  • He watched the entire movie.
    → Ele assistiu ao filme inteiro.
  • The entire country was affected.
    → O país inteiro foi afetado.

Whole × Entire

Na maioria das situações:

the whole book
the entire book

→ o livro inteiro

A diferença é principalmente de estilo e ênfase.

Entire pode soar um pouco mais formal.

Compare:

I spent the whole day studying.
→ Passei o dia inteiro estudando.

I spent the entire day studying.
→ Passei o dia inteiro estudando.

As duas são naturais.


5. WHOLE × ALL

Essa é uma diferença muito importante.

THE WHOLE + singular

I ate the whole pizza.
→ Eu comi a pizza inteira.

ALL + plural

I ate all the pizzas.
→ Eu comi todas as pizzas.

Observe:

one pizza → the whole pizza

several pizzas → all the pizzas

Outro exemplo:

I watched the whole movie.
→ Assisti ao filme inteiro.

I watched all the movies.
→ Assisti a todos os filmes.


6. ALL DAY × THE WHOLE DAY × THE ENTIRE DAY

As três podem significar “o dia todo / o dia inteiro”.

ALL DAY

Muito comum e natural:

I worked all day.
→ Trabalhei o dia todo.

THE WHOLE DAY

Enfatiza a duração completa:

I worked the whole day.
→ Trabalhei o dia inteiro.

THE ENTIRE DAY

Muito parecido com the whole day, mas um pouco mais formal:

I worked the entire day.
→ Trabalhei o dia inteiro.


7. EVERY — “todo/toda/cada”

Every tem um significado diferente de all.

Ele significa cada membro individualmente dentro de um grupo.

Estrutura

every + substantivo contável singular

  • Every student has a book.
    → Todo aluno / cada aluno tem um livro.
  • I go running every morning.
    → Eu corro todas as manhãs.
  • She calls me every day.
    → Ela me liga todos os dias.
  • Every house on this street has a garage.
    → Todas as casas desta rua têm garagem.

Embora a tradução muitas vezes seja “todo/todos”, a lógica é diferente.

Compare:

All the students passed.
→ Todos os alunos passaram.

Every student passed.
→ Cada aluno passou / todos os alunos passaram.

All olha para o grupo como um conjunto.

Every olha para os membros individualmente.


8. EACH — “cada”

Each é ainda mais claramente individual.

  • Each student received a certificate.
    → Cada aluno recebeu um certificado.
  • Each person has a different opinion.
    → Cada pessoa tem uma opinião diferente.
  • I gave each child a present.
    → Dei um presente a cada criança.

Compare:

All the students received certificates.
→ Todos os alunos receberam certificados.

Each student received a certificate.
→ Cada aluno recebeu um certificado.


9. EVERYTHING — “tudo”

Quando você quer dizer “tudo” como pronome, use everything.

  • Everything is ready.
    → Tudo está pronto.
  • I ate everything.
    → Eu comi tudo.
  • She told me everything.
    → Ela me contou tudo.
  • Everything went well.
    → Tudo correu bem.

Não diga:

❌ I know all. — possível em contextos específicos, mas não é a forma normal para “eu sei tudo”.

Normalmente:

✅ I know everything.
→ Eu sei tudo.


10. EVERYBODY / EVERYONE — “todo mundo / todos”

Everybody e everyone significam praticamente a mesma coisa.

  • Everybody is here.
    → Todo mundo está aqui.
  • Everyone enjoyed the party.
    → Todo mundo gostou da festa.
  • Everyone knows that.
    → Todo mundo sabe disso.
  • Everybody was tired.
    → Todos / todo mundo estava cansado.

Everybody × Everyone

Na prática, são praticamente intercambiáveis.

Everyone pode soar ligeiramente mais neutro/formal.


11. EVERYTHING × ALL

Compare:

I ate all the food.
→ Eu comi toda a comida.

I ate everything.
→ Eu comi tudo.

All + substantivo

Everything = pronome

Outro exemplo:

She told me all the details.
→ Ela me contou todos os detalhes.

She told me everything.
→ Ela me contou tudo.


12. THE WHOLE OF — “todo o / a totalidade de”

The whole of é uma estrutura mais formal.

  • The whole of the country was affected.
    → Todo o país foi afetado.
  • The whole of Europe experienced the crisis.
    → Toda a Europa passou pela crise.
  • The whole of the population was affected.
    → Toda a população foi afetada.

No inglês cotidiano, frequentemente podemos usar simplesmente all:

All the country... ❌

Aqui, o mais natural seria:

The whole country...
All of the country... (dependendo do contexto)


13. TOTAL — “total”

Total enfatiza a quantidade ou extensão completa.

  • The total cost was $500.
    → O custo total foi de US$ 500.
  • There was total silence.
    → Havia silêncio total.
  • The total number of students is 50.
    → O número total de alunos é 50.

Mas cuidado: total não substitui diretamente all ou whole em todas as frases.

❌ I read the total book.

✅ I read the whole book.
→ Eu li o livro inteiro.


14. COMPLETE — “completo / inteiro”

Complete enfatiza que algo está completo, sem partes faltando.

  • I have the complete book.
    → Eu tenho o livro completo.
  • She gave me a complete explanation.
    → Ela me deu uma explicação completa.
  • We need a complete list.
    → Precisamos de uma lista completa.

Compare:

the whole book → o livro inteiro, do começo ao fim.

the complete book → o livro completo, sem partes faltando.


15. FULL — “cheio / completo”

Full também pode transmitir a ideia de totalidade, mas geralmente com outro sentido.

  • The bottle is full.
    → A garrafa está cheia.
  • The room was full of people.
    → A sala estava cheia de pessoas.
  • I have a full schedule today.
    → Tenho uma agenda cheia hoje.
  • We watched the full version of the movie.
    → Assistimos à versão completa do filme.

16. EVERY SINGLE — “cada um / absolutamente todos”

Every single acrescenta bastante ênfase.

  • I checked every single page.
    → Eu verifiquei cada página, sem exceção.
  • She answered every single question.
    → Ela respondeu a todas as perguntas.
  • I remember every single detail.
    → Eu me lembro de cada detalhe.

Compare:

I read every page.
→ Li todas as páginas.

I read every single page.
→ Li absolutamente todas as páginas.


17. EACH AND EVERY — “cada um, sem exceção”

É uma expressão enfática.

  • I checked each and every document.
    → Eu verifiquei cada documento, sem exceção.
  • We need to examine each and every case.
    → Precisamos examinar cada caso, sem exceção.

É mais comum em linguagem formal ou quando queremos dar ênfase.


18. ALL OF MY / ALL MY

As duas formas são possíveis:

All my friends live here.
→ Todos os meus amigos moram aqui.

All of my friends live here.
→ Todos os meus amigos moram aqui.

Com pronomes, normalmente usamos all of:

All of them
→ Todos eles.

All of us
→ Todos nós.

All of you
→ Todos vocês.


19. Resumo geral

InglêsIdeia principalExemplo
alltodo/todosAll the students
all oftodo/todosAll of them
wholeinteirothe whole book
entireinteiro/completothe entire book
everycada/todoevery day
eachcadaeach student
everythingtudoI know everything
everyonetodos/todo mundoEveryone is here
everybodytodos/todo mundoEverybody knows
every singleabsolutamente cada/todosevery single detail
each and everycada um, sem exceçãoeach and every student
completecompletoa complete list
fullcheio/completoa full report
totaltotalthe total cost
the whole ofa totalidade dethe whole of the country

🧠 Regra para não confundir

Pense nestes quatro:

ALL = o grupo inteiro

All the students passed.
Todos os alunos passaram.

EVERY = cada elemento do grupo

Every student passed.
Cada aluno passou.

WHOLE / ENTIRE = uma coisa inteira

I read the whole book.
Li o livro inteiro.

EVERYTHING = tudo

I read everything.
Li tudo.

E uma diferença especialmente importante:

I watched the whole movie.
→ Assisti ao filme inteiro.

I watched all the movies.
→ Assisti a todos os filmes.

I watched everything.
→ Assisti a tudo.

Essas três estruturas cobrem grande parte dos casos em que um brasileiro normalmente fica em dúvida entre all, whole, entire, every e everything.

By myself e expressões semelhantes em inglês

 By myself, on my own e expressões semelhantes são usadas para transmitir a ideia de “sozinho”, “por conta própria”, “sem ajuda”, mas existem diferenças importantes de nuance.

1. BY MYSELF

By myself significa principalmente “sozinho” ou “sem a ajuda de outra pessoa”.

Pode enfatizar tanto estar sozinho fisicamente quanto fazer algo sem ajuda.

A) Estar sozinho

  • I went to the cinema by myself.
    → Eu fui ao cinema sozinho.
  • She lives by herself.
    → Ela mora sozinha.
  • I don't like eating by myself.
    → Eu não gosto de comer sozinho.

Aqui, by myself pode significar simplesmente sem outra pessoa comigo.

B) Fazer algo sem ajuda

  • I fixed the computer by myself.
    → Eu consertei o computador sozinho / sem ajuda.
  • Did you do this by yourself?
    → Você fez isso sozinho / sem ajuda?
  • I learned English by myself.
    → Eu aprendi inglês sozinho / sem ajuda.

Nesse sentido, a ideia é: ninguém me ajudou.


2. ON MY OWN

On my own também significa “sozinho” ou “por conta própria”, mas frequentemente enfatiza independência.

Compare:

I learned English by myself.
Eu aprendi inglês sozinho.

I learned English on my own.
Eu aprendi inglês por conta própria.

A segunda frase enfatiza mais que você foi responsável pelo próprio aprendizado, sem depender de um professor, curso etc.

Exemplos

  • I made this cake on my own.
    → Eu fiz este bolo por conta própria.
  • She started her own business on her own.
    → Ela começou seu próprio negócio por conta própria.
  • He solved the problem on his own.
    → Ele resolveu o problema sozinho / por conta própria.
  • I don't need your help. I can do it on my own.
    → Não preciso da sua ajuda. Eu consigo fazer isso sozinho.

Uma diferença importante

On my own normalmente não significa simplesmente que você estava fisicamente sozinho.

Por exemplo:

I live on my own.
→ Eu moro sozinho.

Aqui, significa que você vive de maneira independente, sem outras pessoas morando com você.


3. MYSELF

Myself sozinho é diferente.

Ele é principalmente um pronome reflexivo: “me / a mim mesmo”.

Exemplos

  • I hurt myself.
    → Eu me machuquei.
  • I introduced myself.
    → Eu me apresentei.
  • I looked at myself in the mirror.
    → Eu me olhei no espelho.

Mas myself também pode ser usado para dar ênfase:

  • I did it myself.
    → Eu mesmo fiz isso.
  • I cooked dinner myself.
    → Eu mesmo preparei o jantar.

Compare:

I cooked dinner by myself.
Eu preparei o jantar sozinho / sem ajuda.

I cooked dinner myself.
Eu mesmo preparei o jantar.

A primeira enfatiza ausência de ajuda/companhia.
A segunda enfatiza quem realizou a ação.


4. ALONE

Alone significa “sozinho”, principalmente no sentido de estar sem outras pessoas.

  • I was alone at home.
    → Eu estava sozinho em casa.
  • She doesn't like being alone.
    → Ela não gosta de ficar sozinha.
  • He traveled alone.
    → Ele viajou sozinho.

Mas alone não necessariamente significa “sem ajuda”.

Por exemplo:

I was alone in the house.

Significa que não havia ninguém com você.

Já:

I did the project by myself.

significa que você fez o projeto sem ajuda.


5. WITHOUT HELP

Essa expressão é muito direta:

without help = sem ajuda

  • I did it without help.
    → Eu fiz isso sem ajuda.
  • She learned to play the guitar without help.
    → Ela aprendeu a tocar violão sem ajuda.

É mais explícita do que by myself.

Compare:

I fixed it by myself.
Eu consertei sozinho.

I fixed it without help.
Eu consertei sem ajuda.

O significado é muito parecido.


6. WITHOUT ANYONE'S HELP

É uma forma ainda mais explícita:

without anyone's help = sem a ajuda de ninguém

  • I built the table without anyone's help.
    → Eu construí a mesa sem a ajuda de ninguém.
  • She passed the exam without anyone's help.
    → Ela passou na prova sem a ajuda de ninguém.

7. INDEPENDENTLY

Independently = independentemente / de forma independente.

É mais formal e aparece muito em contextos acadêmicos e profissionais.

  • He completed the project independently.
    → Ele completou o projeto de forma independente.
  • Students should learn to work independently.
    → Os alunos devem aprender a trabalhar de forma independente.
  • She conducted the research independently.
    → Ela realizou a pesquisa de forma independente.

Não é tão comum em conversas informais quanto on my own.


8. ALL BY MYSELF

All by myself é uma forma mais enfática de by myself.

Significa algo como:

“completamente sozinho” / “sozinho mesmo” / “sem nenhuma ajuda”.

  • I did it all by myself!
    → Eu fiz tudo sozinho!
  • The little boy climbed the tree all by himself.
    → O menino subiu na árvore sozinho, sem ajuda.
  • I cooked the whole meal all by myself.
    → Eu preparei toda a refeição sozinho, sem ajuda de ninguém.

9. BY YOURSELF / ON YOUR OWN

As mesmas estruturas podem ser usadas com outras pessoas:

PessoaBy yourselfOn your own
euby myselfon my own
vocêby yourselfon your own
eleby himselfon his own
elaby herselfon her own
nósby ourselveson our own
vocêsby yourselveson your own
elesby themselveson their own

Exemplos

Can you do it by yourself?
→ Você consegue fazer isso sozinho?

Can you do it on your own?
→ Você consegue fazer isso por conta própria?

He lives by himself.
→ Ele mora sozinho.

He lives on his own.
→ Ele mora sozinho / vive por conta própria.

They solved the problem by themselves.
→ Eles resolveram o problema sozinhos.

They solved the problem on their own.
→ Eles resolveram o problema por conta própria.


10. Comparação rápida

Veja estas frases:

I went there alone.

→ Eu fui lá sozinho.

Foco: não havia ninguém comigo.

I went there by myself.

→ Eu fui lá sozinho / sem companhia.

Foco: fiz a atividade sozinho.

I went there on my own.

→ Eu fui lá por conta própria.

Foco: tomei a iniciativa / não dependi de outra pessoa.

I went there myself.

→ Eu mesmo fui lá.

Foco: fui eu, e não outra pessoa.


11. Um detalhe muito importante: by myself pode ter dois sentidos

Sentido 1 — sozinho fisicamente

I stayed at home by myself.
→ Fiquei em casa sozinho.

Sentido 2 — sem ajuda

I assembled the furniture by myself.
→ Montei os móveis sozinho / sem ajuda.

Por isso, o contexto é importante.


12. Resumo das principais diferenças

ExpressãoIdeia principalExemplo
by myselfsozinho / sem ajudaI did it by myself.
on my ownpor conta própria / independentementeI learned it on my own.
myselfeu mesmo / a mim mesmoI did it myself.
alonesozinho, sem companhiaI was alone.
without helpsem ajudaI did it without help.
without anyone's helpsem a ajuda de ninguémI did it without anyone's help.
independentlyindependentementeI worked independently.
all by myselfcompletamente sozinho / sem ajudaI did it all by myself.

Regra prática para memorizar

BY MYSELF → sozinho / sem ajuda

I fixed it by myself.

ON MY OWN → por conta própria / independentemente

I learned it on my own.

MYSELF → eu mesmo

I did it myself.

ALONE → sem companhia

I was alone.

WITHOUT HELP → sem ajuda

I did it without help.

Uma boa forma de perceber a diferença é pensar em companhia × ajuda × independência:

  • 👤 Alone → não há outra pessoa comigo.
  • 🛠️ By myself → ninguém me ajudou.
  • 🚀 On my own → eu fiz por conta própria, de maneira independente.
  • 👈 Myself → eu mesmo fiz.