AULA 3 — WORK & CAREER

Tema: Work & Career
Gramática: Past Simple × Present Perfect
Vocabulário: carreira, experiência profissional, empregos, responsabilidades e conquistas

1. Objetivos da aula

Ao final da aula, o aluno deverá ser capaz de:

falar sobre sua trajetória profissional;
descrever empregos anteriores;
falar sobre experiências profissionais;
explicar quando começou uma atividade profissional;
falar sobre experiências que teve ao longo da vida;
diferenciar Past Simple e Present Perfect;
usar corretamente for, since, ever, never, already, yet;
falar sobre conquistas profissionais;
participar de uma entrevista de emprego em inglês.

2. Warm-up — Your Career

Comece com perguntas simples.

Personal questions

What do you do?
Where do you work?
How long have you worked there?
What was your first job?
What other jobs have you had?
Have you ever worked abroad?
Have you ever changed careers?
What was your best job?
What was your most difficult job?
What would you like to do in the future?

Follow-up questions

Depois de cada resposta:

Why?

When did that happen?

How long did you work there?

What did you learn?

Would you do it again?

3. Vocabulary — Jobs and Career

English	Português
career	carreira
job	emprego
position	cargo
occupation	profissão
profession	profissão
employer	empregador
employee	funcionário
colleague	colega
manager	gerente
supervisor	supervisor
department	departamento
company	empresa
workplace	local de trabalho
salary	salário
promotion	promoção
responsibility	responsabilidade
experience	experiência
qualification	qualificação
degree	graduação
skill	habilidade
achievement	conquista
opportunity	oportunidade
career path	trajetória profissional
career change	mudança de carreira
job interview	entrevista de emprego
job application	candidatura a emprego
résumé / CV	currículo
position	vaga/cargo

4. Useful Career Expressions

Talking about your career

I work as a teacher.

I work for a technology company.

I've worked in education for ten years.

I started my career in 2012.

I have experience in customer service.

I've worked with international clients.

I used to work in sales.

I changed careers a few years ago.

I've had several different jobs.

My current position involves...

5. Grammar — Past Simple

Usamos o Past Simple para falar de ações ou situações que aconteceram e terminaram no passado.

Normalmente existe uma referência a um momento terminado.

Common time expressions

yesterday
last week
last year
two years ago
in 2019
when I was 20
from 2018 to 2021

Examples

I started my first job in 2010.

I worked there for three years.

I left the company in 2021.

I moved to Brazil in 2012.

I studied engineering at university.

I worked as a chef when I lived in France.

6. Past Simple — Structure

Affirmative

Subject + past verb

I worked there.

She studied English.

They started the project.

Negative

Subject + didn't + base verb

I didn't work there.

She didn't study engineering.

They didn't start the project.

Question

Did + subject + base verb?

Did you work there?

Did she study English?

Did they start the project?

7. Grammar — Present Perfect

O Present Perfect conecta uma experiência ou situação passada ao presente.

Structure

have / has + past participle

I have worked.

She has worked.

They have worked.

Examples

I have worked in education for ten years.

She has worked for several companies.

We have completed the project.

I've learned a lot from my previous jobs.

8. Past Simple × Present Perfect

Esta é a principal diferença da aula.

Past Simple

Foco em quando aconteceu.

I worked for Microsoft in 2018.

O período está terminado.

Present Perfect

Foco na experiência ou resultado, sem especificar um momento terminado.

I have worked for several technology companies.

Não estamos dizendo exatamente quando.

9. Compare

Example 1

I worked for ABC Company from 2018 to 2021.

Período terminado.

I have worked for several companies.

Experiência profissional até o presente.

Example 2

I started working in 2015.

Momento específico.

I have worked in this field for eleven years.

Situação que começou no passado e continua até agora.

Example 3

I went to the United States in 2022.

Momento específico.

I have been to the United States several times.

Experiência de vida.

10. A regra prática

Pergunte:

"When?"

Se a frase responde claramente quando aconteceu, normalmente usamos Past Simple.

I started my career in 2015.

I left my previous company last year.

I worked there from 2018 to 2020.

"Have you ever...?"

Se estamos falando de experiência de vida sem especificar quando, usamos Present Perfect.

Have you ever worked abroad?

Have you ever managed a team?

Have you ever changed careers?

11. Important Time Expressions

Past Simple

yesterday
last week
last month
last year
two years ago
in 2020
when I was younger
from 2018 to 2021

Example

I changed jobs last year.

Present Perfect

ever
never
already
yet
recently
lately
so far
several times
before
since
for

Examples

I've never worked abroad.

Have you ever managed a team?

I've already finished the project.

I haven't finished it yet.

12. For × Since

FOR

Indica duração.

for two years

for six months

for ten years

for a long time

Example

I've worked here for five years.

SINCE

Indica o momento em que algo começou.

since 2020

since January

since Monday

since I graduated

Example

I've worked here since 2020.

13. Compare

I've lived here for ten years.

= duração.

I've lived here since 2016.

= ponto inicial.

14. Practice — Choose Past Simple or Present Perfect

Complete as frases.

I _______ (start) my career in 2012.
I _______ (work) in this field for ten years.
She _______ (leave) her previous job last year.
She _______ (have) several different positions.
_______ you ever _______ (work) abroad?
I _______ never _______ (manage) a large team.
We _______ (finish) the project yesterday.
We _______ (complete) several projects this year.
He _______ (join) the company in 2020.
He _______ (work) for the company since 2020.

Answers

started
have worked
left
has had
Have / worked
have / managed
finished
have completed
joined
has worked

15. Common Brazilian Mistakes

Mistake 1

❌ I work here since 2020.

✅ I have worked here since 2020.

Mistake 2

❌ I have worked there last year.

✅ I worked there last year.

Mistake 3

❌ I have started my career in 2015.

✅ I started my career in 2015.

Mistake 4

❌ I have 10 years of work here.

✅ I have worked here for 10 years.

Mistake 5

❌ I am working here since 2020.

✅ I have been working here since 2020.

16. Vocabulary — Career Achievements

English	Português
achieve a goal	alcançar um objetivo
get promoted	ser promovido
lead a team	liderar uma equipe
manage a project	gerenciar um projeto
solve a problem	resolver um problema
develop a skill	desenvolver uma habilidade
gain experience	adquirir experiência
complete a project	concluir um projeto
meet a deadline	cumprir um prazo
improve performance	melhorar desempenho
increase sales	aumentar vendas
reduce costs	reduzir custos
receive an award	receber um prêmio
get a qualification	obter uma qualificação
take on responsibility	assumir responsabilidade

17. Speaking — Career Timeline

O aluno deve criar uma linha do tempo da própria carreira.

Example

2012 → Started working

2015 → Changed companies

2018 → Became a manager

2021 → Started working remotely

2024 → Started a new project

Student presentation

I started my career in 2012.

In 2015, I changed companies.

In 2018, I became a manager.

Since 2021, I've been working remotely.

I've worked on several important projects since then.

18. Speaking — Have You Ever...?

Faça as perguntas:

Have you ever worked abroad?
Have you ever worked remotely?
Have you ever managed a team?
Have you ever given a presentation in English?
Have you ever worked under a lot of pressure?
Have you ever changed careers?
Have you ever started your own business?
Have you ever been promoted?
Have you ever worked for a multinational company?
Have you ever had a difficult boss?
Have you ever made a serious mistake at work?
Have you ever learned an important lesson from a job?

Follow-up

Se o aluno responder "Yes":

When did it happen?

Where were you working?

What happened?

What did you learn?

Se responder "No":

Would you like to?

Why not?

19. Interview Practice

Job Interview

Interviewer

Tell me about your professional experience.

Candidate

I've worked in IT for several years. I started my career in technical support and later moved into infrastructure.

Interviewer

Where did you work before?

Candidate

I worked for a large technology company from 2018 to 2022.

Interviewer

Have you ever worked with international teams?

Candidate

Yes, I have. I've worked with teams from Brazil, the United States and Europe.

Interviewer

What was your biggest professional achievement?

Candidate

One of my biggest achievements was leading a project that improved the company's infrastructure.

20. Important Distinction — "Have you...?" vs. "Did you...?"

Have you worked abroad?

Pergunta sobre experiência de vida.

Did you work abroad in 2022?

Pergunta sobre um período específico.

Have you ever managed a team?

Experiência.

Did you manage the team last year?

Situação específica.

Have you worked for this company before?

Experiência anterior.

Did you work for this company in 2020?

Momento específico.

21. Role-play — Recruiter and Candidate

Student A — Recruiter

Pergunte:

What's your current position?
How long have you worked in this field?
Where did you work before?
Why did you leave your previous job?
Have you ever managed a team?
Have you ever worked abroad?
What skills have you developed?
What was your biggest achievement?
Why are you looking for a new job?
What are your career goals?

Student B — Candidate

Responda usando:

Past Simple;
Present Perfect;
for;
since;
ever;
never;
already;
yet.

Depois troque os papéis.

22. Discussion — Career Changes

Discuta:

Why do people change careers?
Is it better to specialize or learn many different skills?
Is salary the most important factor when choosing a job?
How important is job satisfaction?
Would you accept a lower salary for a better work-life balance?
Is changing jobs frequently a bad thing?
Is experience more important than education?
Should people continue studying throughout their careers?
How has technology changed the workplace?
What skills will be important in the future?

23. Final Speaking Challenge

Topic:

"Tell me about your career."

O aluno deve falar durante 4–5 minutos.

A apresentação deve incluir:

Past

When did you start your career?

What was your first job?

Where did you work?

What did you learn?

Experience

What jobs have you had?

What skills have you developed?

Have you ever worked abroad?

Have you ever managed a team?

Present

What do you do now?

How long have you worked there?

What are your main responsibilities?

Future

What would you like to do next?

Would you like to change careers?

What professional goals do you have?

24. Final Challenge — Tell Me About Your Career

O professor não deve interromper o aluno durante os primeiros 3 minutos.

O aluno deve tentar usar:

5 Past Simple sentences
5 Present Perfect sentences
2 sentences with since
2 sentences with for
2 questions with Have you ever...?
3 career expressions

25. Homework

Writing

Escreva 200–250 palavras sobre sua trajetória profissional.

Título:

My Career Journey

Inclua:

Your first job.
When you started your career.
Previous jobs.
Important career changes.
Professional achievements.
Skills you have developed.
Your current position.
Your future goals.

Grammar requirement

Use pelo menos:

5 exemplos de Past Simple;
5 exemplos de Present Perfect;
2 exemplos com for;
2 exemplos com since;
2 exemplos com ever/never.

26. Speaking Homework

Grave um áudio de 4 minutos respondendo:

"Tell me about your professional experience and your career goals."

Tente falar sem ler um texto completo.

Use apenas palavras-chave como:

first job → experience → companies → achievements → skills → current job → future

27. Review

Past Simple

Finished past + specific time

I started my career in 2015.

I worked there from 2018 to 2021.

I left the company last year.

Present Perfect

Experience / connection with the present

I've worked in this field for ten years.

I've had several different jobs.

I've never worked abroad.

Have you ever managed a team?

For

Duration

I've worked here for five years.

Since

Starting point

I've worked here since 2021.

28. Key Vocabulary

career — carreira
job — emprego
position — cargo
experience — experiência
responsibility — responsabilidade
achievement — conquista
qualification — qualificação
promotion — promoção
career path — trajetória profissional
career change — mudança de carreira
gain experience — adquirir experiência
develop skills — desenvolver habilidades
lead a team — liderar uma equipe
manage a project — gerenciar um projeto
get promoted — ser promovido

29. Teacher's Evaluation

Skill	Score
Vocabulary	/5
Grammar	/5
Pronunciation	/5
Fluency	/5
Interaction	/5
Past Simple	/5
Present Perfect	/5
Ability to talk about career	/5

Main objective

O aluno deve terminar a aula conseguindo contar sua trajetória profissional, falar sobre experiências e conquistas e participar de uma entrevista de emprego, usando Past Simple para acontecimentos terminados e Present Perfect para experiências e situações conectadas ao presente.

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