A derivação de palavras em inglês é um dos processos mais importantes para expandir vocabulário e compreender melhor o idioma. Trata-se da formação de novas palavras a partir de uma base (root word) por meio da adição de prefixos e sufixos. Esse processo é essencial tanto para leitura quanto para escrita em níveis intermediários e avançados.

📘 O que é derivação de palavras?

A derivação (word formation) ocorre quando você adiciona elementos antes ou depois de uma palavra base para criar uma nova palavra com significado diferente ou função gramatical distinta.

Base (root): happy
Com prefixo: unhappy
Com sufixo: happiness
Com ambos: unhappiness

🔹 Prefixos (Prefixes)

Os prefixos são adicionados no início da palavra e normalmente não mudam a classe gramatical, mas alteram o significado.

👉 Prefixos mais comuns

1. Negação (negative meaning)

un- → unhappy (infeliz)
in- / im- / il- / ir- → incorrect, impossible, illegal, irregular
non- → non-smoker
dis- → disagree

✔ Exemplo:

happy → unhappy
possible → impossible

2. Repetição ou reversão

re- → redo (refazer), rewrite (reescrever)

✔ Exemplo:

write → rewrite

3. Grau ou intensidade

over- → overwork (trabalhar demais)
under- → underpaid (mal pago)

4. Tempo ou ordem

pre- → preview (prévia)
post- → postgraduate

5. Opinião ou atitude

anti- → anti-social
pro- → pro-government

🔸 Sufixos (Suffixes)

Os sufixos são adicionados no final da palavra e geralmente mudam a classe gramatical.

👉 1. Sufixos que formam substantivos (nouns)

Sufixo	Exemplo	Tradução
-ness	happiness	felicidade
-ment	development	desenvolvimento
-tion / -sion	information	informação
-er / -or	teacher	professor

✔ Exemplo:

happy (adj) → happiness (noun)
develop (verb) → development (noun)

👉 2. Sufixos que formam adjetivos (adjectives)

Sufixo	Exemplo	Tradução
-ful	useful	útil
-less	useless	inútil
-ous	dangerous	perigoso
-able	readable	legível

✔ Exemplo:

use → useful
read → readable

👉 3. Sufixos que formam verbos (verbs)

Sufixo	Exemplo	Tradução
-ize	modernize	modernizar
-en	strengthen	fortalecer

✔ Exemplo:

modern → modernize
strength → strengthen

👉 4. Sufixos que formam advérbios (adverbs)

Sufixo	Exemplo	Tradução
-ly	quickly	rapidamente

✔ Exemplo:

quick → quickly
slow → slowly

⚙️ Mudança de classe gramatical

A derivação muitas vezes muda a função da palavra:

Verb → Noun: decide → decision
Adjective → Adverb: careful → carefully
Noun → Adjective: danger → dangerous

⚠️ Regras e observações importantes

1. Mudanças na ortografia

happy → happiness (y → i)
decide → decision (mudança interna)

2. Pronúncia pode mudar

photograph → photography

3. Nem sempre é previsível

Algumas palavras derivadas precisam ser memorizadas.

🧠 Estratégias para aprender derivação

✔ Aprenda por famílias de palavras

act → action → active → activity

✔ Foque em padrões comuns

-tion → geralmente substantivo
-ly → geralmente advérbio

✔ Use em contexto

This is a useful tool.
He explained it clearly.

✍️ Exemplos completos

create → creation → creative → creatively
help → helpful → helpless → helpfully
care → careful → careless → carefully

✅ Conclusão

A derivação com prefixos e sufixos é uma ferramenta poderosa para:

expandir vocabulário rapidamente
entender palavras desconhecidas
melhorar escrita e leitura

Dominar esses padrões permite que você “desmonte” palavras e entenda seus significados com mais facilidade — uma habilidade essencial para níveis intermediários e avançados de inglês.

Aqui está uma atividade completa com 50 questões de múltipla escolha sobre derivação (prefixos e sufixos) em contexto de management, engineering, programming e cloud security 👇

📘 Word Formation – Multiple Choice (50 Questions)

Instruções: Escolha a alternativa correta.

1. The cloud system detected an ______ login attempt.

A) legal
B) illegal
C) legality
D) legally

2. The manager asked to ______ the report before sending it.

A) write
B) rewrite
C) writer
D) writing

3. This tool is very ______ for network analysis.

A) use
B) useful
C) useless
D) using

4. The engineer improved the ______ of the server.

A) perform
B) performance
C) performing
D) performer

5. The programmer fixed the bug very ______.

A) quick
B) quickly
C) quicker
D) quickest

6. The company plans to ______ its cloud infrastructure.

A) modern
B) modernize
C) modernity
D) modernly

7. This system is highly ______.

A) security
B) secure
C) securely
D) securing

8. The manager was ______ with the results.

A) happy
B) happiness
C) unhappy
D) happily

9. The team is working on data ______.

A) protect
B) protection
C) protective
D) protecting

10. He explained the issue very ______.

A) clear
B) clearly
C) clearness
D) clearing

11. This solution is not ______ for large systems.

A) suitable
B) suitability
C) suit
D) suited

12. The developer is responsible for system ______.

A) maintain
B) maintenance
C) maintaining
D) maintainer

13. The application became ______ after the update.

A) use
B) useful
C) useless
D) usability

14. The engineer showed great ______.

A) skill
B) skilled
C) skillful
D) skillfully

15. This software is ______ designed.

A) bad
B) badly
C) badness
D) baddest

16. The manager wants to ______ the process.

A) simple
B) simplify
C) simplicity
D) simply

17. The system failure caused major ______.

A) disrupt
B) disruption
C) disruptive
D) disrupting

18. The company needs better ______ measures.

A) secure
B) security
C) securely
D) securing

19. The code was written ______.

A) correct
B) correctly
C) correction
D) correcting

20. The engineer is highly ______.

A) experience
B) experienced
C) experiencing
D) experienceful

21. The manager made a ______ decision.

A) care
B) careful
C) careless
D) carefully

22. This error is ______.

A) avoid
B) avoidable
C) avoidance
D) avoiding

23. The team worked ______ to solve the issue.

A) efficient
B) efficiently
C) efficiency
D) inefficient

24. The system is ______ protected.

A) full
B) fully
C) fullness
D) fulness

25. The company wants to reduce ______ risks.

A) operate
B) operation
C) operational
D) operatingly

26. The cloud solution is very ______.

A) power
B) powerful
C) powerless
D) powerfully

27. The engineer gave a ______ explanation.

A) detail
B) detailed
C) detailing
D) detailly

28. The system needs regular ______.

A) update
B) updated
C) updating
D) updates

29. The developer is working on app ______.

A) improve
B) improvement
C) improving
D) improved

30. The manager reacted ______ to the issue.

A) calm
B) calmly
C) calmness
D) calming

31. This software is ______ compatible.

A) full
B) fully
C) fullness
D) ful

32. The engineer found a ______ solution.

A) create
B) creative
C) creation
D) creatively

33. The system is ______ configured.

A) proper
B) properly
C) property
D) properness

34. The company is investing in cloud ______.

A) secure
B) security
C) securing
D) securely

35. The manager wants to ______ the workflow.

A) organize
B) organization
C) organized
D) organizing

36. The results were ______.

A) success
B) successful
C) successfully
D) successness

37. The engineer acted ______.

A) responsible
B) responsibly
C) responsibility
D) irresponsibility

38. The system is ______ reliable.

A) high
B) highly
C) height
D) higher

39. The company faced many ______ challenges.

A) finance
B) financial
C) financially
D) financing

40. The developer gave a ______ response.

A) quick
B) quickly
C) quickness
D) quicker

41. The system is ______ monitored.

A) constant
B) constantly
C) constancy
D) constanter

42. The engineer showed great ______ in solving the issue.

A) patient
B) patience
C) patiently
D) impatient

43. This is a ______ problem.

A) seriously
B) serious
C) seriousness
D) seriousful

44. The manager handled the situation ______.

A) professional
B) professionally
C) profession
D) professionalism

45. The company is working on system ______.

A) develop
B) development
C) developing
D) developer

46. The engineer is ______ trained.

A) special
B) specially
C) specialize
D) specialization

47. The system is ______ accessible.

A) easy
B) easily
C) easiness
D) easier

48. The company wants to ______ its services.

A) expansion
B) expand
C) expansive
D) expandingly

49. The manager gave a ______ answer.

A) direct
B) directly
C) direction
D) directing

50. The cloud system works ______.

A) perfect
B) perfectly
C) perfection
D) perfectness

✅ Gabarito

1-B
2-B
3-B
4-B
5-B
6-B
7-B
8-C
9-B
10-B
11-A
12-B
13-C
14-C
15-B
16-B
17-B
18-B
19-B
20-B
21-B
22-B
23-B
24-B
25-C
26-B
27-B
28-D
29-B
30-B
31-B
32-B
33-B
34-B
35-A
36-B
37-B
38-B
39-B
40-A
41-B
42-B
43-B
44-B
45-B
46-B
47-B
48-B
49-A
50-B

Páginas

Derivação de palavras em inglês

📘 O que é derivação de palavras?

🔹 Prefixos (Prefixes)

👉 Prefixos mais comuns

1. Negação (negative meaning)

2. Repetição ou reversão

3. Grau ou intensidade

4. Tempo ou ordem

5. Opinião ou atitude

🔸 Sufixos (Suffixes)

👉 1. Sufixos que formam substantivos (nouns)

👉 2. Sufixos que formam adjetivos (adjectives)

👉 3. Sufixos que formam verbos (verbs)

👉 4. Sufixos que formam advérbios (adverbs)

⚙️ Mudança de classe gramatical

⚠️ Regras e observações importantes

1. Mudanças na ortografia

2. Pronúncia pode mudar

3. Nem sempre é previsível

🧠 Estratégias para aprender derivação

✍️ Exemplos completos

✅ Conclusão

📘 Word Formation – Multiple Choice (50 Questions)

1. The cloud system detected an ______ login attempt.

2. The manager asked to ______ the report before sending it.

3. This tool is very ______ for network analysis.

4. The engineer improved the ______ of the server.

5. The programmer fixed the bug very ______.

6. The company plans to ______ its cloud infrastructure.

7. This system is highly ______.

8. The manager was ______ with the results.

9. The team is working on data ______.

10. He explained the issue very ______.

11. This solution is not ______ for large systems.

12. The developer is responsible for system ______.

13. The application became ______ after the update.

14. The engineer showed great ______.

15. This software is ______ designed.

16. The manager wants to ______ the process.

17. The system failure caused major ______.

18. The company needs better ______ measures.

19. The code was written ______.

20. The engineer is highly ______.

21. The manager made a ______ decision.

22. This error is ______.

23. The team worked ______ to solve the issue.

24. The system is ______ protected.

25. The company wants to reduce ______ risks.

26. The cloud solution is very ______.

27. The engineer gave a ______ explanation.

28. The system needs regular ______.

29. The developer is working on app ______.

30. The manager reacted ______ to the issue.

31. This software is ______ compatible.

32. The engineer found a ______ solution.

33. The system is ______ configured.

34. The company is investing in cloud ______.

35. The manager wants to ______ the workflow.

36. The results were ______.

37. The engineer acted ______.

38. The system is ______ reliable.

39. The company faced many ______ challenges.

40. The developer gave a ______ response.

41. The system is ______ monitored.

42. The engineer showed great ______ in solving the issue.

43. This is a ______ problem.

44. The manager handled the situation ______.

45. The company is working on system ______.

46. The engineer is ______ trained.

47. The system is ______ accessible.

48. The company wants to ______ its services.

49. The manager gave a ______ answer.

50. The cloud system works ______.

✅ Gabarito

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