Presente e Passado em Inglês

 Claro. Vamos organizar os três tempos de forma bem didática, mostrando afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa, com exemplos traduzidos.

1. Present Simple — Presente Simples

Usamos o Present Simple principalmente para:

• hábitos e rotinas;

• fatos e verdades gerais;

• situações permanentes;

• gostos e preferências;

• horários e programas.

Estrutura afirmativa

I / You / We / They + verbo

He / She / It + verbo + S

Pessoa	Estrutura	Exemplo	Tradução
I	work	I work every day.	Eu trabalho todos os dias.
You	work	You work here.	Você trabalha aqui.
He	works	He works at a bank.	Ele trabalha em um banco.
She	studies	She studies English.	Ela estuda inglês.
We	live	We live in Brazil.	Nós moramos no Brasil.
They	play	They play football.	Eles jogam futebol.

⚠️ Regra importante: terceira pessoa

Com he, she, it, normalmente acrescentamos -s:

• work → works

• play → plays

• live → lives

Alguns verbos recebem -es:

• go → goes

• watch → watches

• study → studies

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Present Simple — forma negativa

Usamos:

I / You / We / They + do not (don't) + verbo

He / She / It + does not (doesn't) + verbo

⚠️ Depois de doesn't, o verbo volta à forma normal.

❌ He doesn't works here.

✅ He doesn't work here.

Inglês	Português
I don't work on Sundays.	Eu não trabalho aos domingos.
You don't speak French.	Você não fala francês.
He doesn't like coffee.	Ele não gosta de café.
She doesn't live here.	Ela não mora aqui.
We don't watch TV every day.	Nós não assistimos TV todos os dias.
They don't play tennis.	Eles não jogam tênis.

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Present Simple — forma interrogativa

Usamos:

Do + I/you/we/they + verbo...?

Does + he/she/it + verbo...?

Pergunta	Tradução
Do you work here?	Você trabalha aqui?
Do they speak English?	Eles falam inglês?
Do you like pizza?	Você gosta de pizza?
Does he live in London?	Ele mora em Londres?
Does she study French?	Ela estuda francês?
Does your brother play football?	Seu irmão joga futebol?

Respostas curtas

Do you work here?

• Yes, I do. — Sim.

• No, I don't. — Não.

Does she speak English?

• Yes, she does. — Sim.

• No, she doesn't. — Não.

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2. Present Continuous — Presente Contínuo

O Present Continuous é usado principalmente para:

• ações que estão acontecendo agora;

• situações temporárias;

• situações que estão acontecendo neste período;

• mudanças ou processos em andamento.

Estrutura afirmativa

Subject + am/is/are + verbo-ing

Pessoa	Estrutura	Exemplo	Tradução
I	am + ing	I am working.	Eu estou trabalhando.
You	are + ing	You are studying.	Você está estudando.
He	is + ing	He is sleeping.	Ele está dormindo.
She	is + ing	She is cooking.	Ela está cozinhando.
We	are + ing	We are watching TV.	Nós estamos assistindo TV.
They	are + ing	They are playing.	Eles estão jogando.

Exemplos

• I am learning English.
  Eu estou aprendendo inglês.

• She is talking to her friend.
  Ela está conversando com a amiga dela.

• They are watching a movie.
  Eles estão assistindo a um filme.

• We are working today.
  Nós estamos trabalhando hoje.

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Present Continuous — forma negativa

Usamos:

am not / is not / are not + verbo-ing

Inglês	Tradução
I am not working.	Eu não estou trabalhando.
You aren't listening.	Você não está ouvindo.
He isn't sleeping.	Ele não está dormindo.
She isn't studying.	Ela não está estudando.
We aren't watching TV.	Nós não estamos assistindo TV.
They aren't playing football.	Eles não estão jogando futebol.

Contrações

• I am not → I'm not

• is not → isn't

• are not → aren't

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Present Continuous — forma interrogativa

Colocamos o verbo to be antes do sujeito:

Am / Is / Are + sujeito + verbo-ing?

Pergunta	Tradução
Am I speaking too fast?	Estou falando rápido demais?
Are you working?	Você está trabalhando?
Is he sleeping?	Ele está dormindo?
Is she studying?	Ela está estudando?
Are we going home?	Nós estamos indo para casa?
Are they watching TV?	Eles estão assistindo TV?

Respostas curtas

Are you working?

• Yes, I am.

• No, I'm not.

Is she studying?

• Yes, she is.

• No, she isn't.

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3. Past Simple — Passado Simples

O Past Simple é usado para ações que aconteceram e terminaram no passado.

Normalmente aparece com:

• yesterday — ontem

• last week — semana passada

• last year — ano passado

• two days ago — dois dias atrás

• in 2020 — em 2020

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Past Simple — forma afirmativa

Verbos regulares

Normalmente acrescentamos -ed:

• work → worked

• play → played

• watch → watched

• visit → visited

Exemplos:

• I worked yesterday.
  Eu trabalhei ontem.

• She watched a movie last night.
  Ela assistiu a um filme ontem à noite.

• They visited London last year.
  Eles visitaram Londres no ano passado.

Verbos irregulares

Os verbos irregulares mudam de forma:

• go → went

• eat → ate

• see → saw

• buy → bought

• have → had

• do → did

Exemplos:

• I went to school yesterday.
  Eu fui à escola ontem.

• She ate pizza last night.
  Ela comeu pizza ontem à noite.

• We saw a great movie.
  Nós vimos um ótimo filme.

• He bought a new car.
  Ele comprou um carro novo.

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Past Simple — forma negativa

Usamos:

Subject + did not (didn't) + verbo

⚠️ Depois de didn't, o verbo fica na forma normal.

❌ I didn't went to school.

✅ I didn't go to school.

Inglês	Tradução
I didn't work yesterday.	Eu não trabalhei ontem.
You didn't call me.	Você não me ligou.
He didn't go to school.	Ele não foi à escola.
She didn't eat breakfast.	Ela não tomou café da manhã.
We didn't watch the movie.	Nós não assistimos ao filme.
They didn't buy the house.	Eles não compraram a casa.

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Past Simple — forma interrogativa

Usamos:

Did + sujeito + verbo normal...?

Pergunta	Tradução
Did you work yesterday?	Você trabalhou ontem?
Did she call you?	Ela ligou para você?
Did he go to London?	Ele foi para Londres?
Did they watch the movie?	Eles assistiram ao filme?
Did you eat breakfast?	Você tomou café da manhã?
Did we meet before?	Nós nos encontramos antes?

Respostas curtas

Did you work yesterday?

• Yes, I did.

• No, I didn't.

Did she go to London?

• Yes, she did.

• No, she didn't.

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4. Comparando os três tempos

Essa é uma das melhores maneiras de entender a diferença:

PRESENT SIMPLE

I work every day.
Eu trabalho todos os dias.

➡️ É uma rotina/hábito.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

I am working now.
Eu estou trabalhando agora.

➡️ Está acontecendo neste momento.

PAST SIMPLE

I worked yesterday.
Eu trabalhei ontem.

➡️ A ação aconteceu e terminou no passado.

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Outro exemplo

Present Simple

She studies English every day.
Ela estuda inglês todos os dias.

➡️ hábito.

Present Continuous

She is studying English now.
Ela está estudando inglês agora.

➡️ ação acontecendo neste momento.

Past Simple

She studied English yesterday.
Ela estudou inglês ontem.

➡️ ação concluída no passado.

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5. Resumo das estruturas

Tempo	Afirmativa	Negativa	Interrogativa
Present Simple	I work.	I don't work.	Do you work?
Present Simple – he/she	She works.	She doesn't work.	Does she work?
Present Continuous	I am working.	I am not working.	Am I working?
Present Continuous	She is working.	She isn't working.	Is she working?
Past Simple	I worked.	I didn't work.	Did you work?
Past Simple irregular	I went.	I didn't go.	Did you go?

⭐ Regra para memorizar

Present Simple:

do/does para perguntas e negativas.

Present Continuous:

am/is/are + ING

Past Simple:

did para perguntas e negativas; na afirmativa usamos o passado do verbo.

Uma diferença fundamental é:

I work = Eu trabalho.
I am working = Eu estou trabalhando.
I worked = Eu trabalhei.

Atividades

Atividade 1 — Complete com o verbo correto

Complete as frases usando o verbo entre parênteses no tempo correto.

1. She _______ (work) in a hospital every day.
2. I _______ (watch) TV right now.
3. They _______ (visit) their grandparents last weekend.
4. He _______ (not / like) coffee.
5. We _______ (study) English at the moment.
6. My brother _______ (play) football every Saturday.
7. I _______ (go) to the cinema yesterday.
8. She _______ (not / work) today.
9. _______ you _______ (speak) English?
10. _______ he _______ (call) you yesterday?
11. They _______ (not / watch) TV now.
12. My parents _______ (live) in Brazil.
13. We _______ (have) dinner at a restaurant last night.
14. Look! The baby _______ (sleep).
15. He _______ (not / study) on Sundays.

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Atividade 2 — Escolha a alternativa correta

Escolha A, B ou C.

1. She _______ to work every day.
   A) go
   B) goes
   C) is going
2. Look! They _______ football.
   A) play
   B) played
   C) are playing
3. I _______ my friend yesterday.
   A) visit
   B) visited
   C) am visiting
4. He _______ coffee.
   A) doesn't like
   B) don't like
   C) isn't like
5. We _______ dinner right now.
   A) have
   B) had
   C) are having
6. _______ you work on Saturdays?
   A) Are
   B) Do
   C) Did
7. _______ she watching TV now?
   A) Does
   B) Is
   C) Did
8. _______ they go to the beach last weekend?
   A) Did
   B) Do
   C) Are
9. I _______ to London two years ago.
   A) go
   B) went
   C) am going
10. He _______ English every morning.
    A) studies
    B) is studying
    C) studied
11. They _______ at home yesterday.
    A) aren't
    B) don't
    C) weren't
12. She _______ a book at the moment.
    A) reads
    B) is reading
    C) read
13. We _______ TV last night.
    A) didn't watch
    B) don't watch
    C) aren't watching
14. _______ you studying now?
    A) Do
    B) Are
    C) Did
15. _______ he play tennis every week?
    A) Does
    B) Is
    C) Did

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Atividade 3 — Passe para a forma negativa

Transforme as frases em negativas.

Exemplo:

She works here.
→ She doesn't work here.

1. I like coffee.
2. He works on Sundays.
3. They live in London.
4. She is studying now.
5. We are watching TV.
6. He is sleeping.
7. I visited Paris last year.
8. They played tennis yesterday.
9. She bought a new car.
10. We went to the restaurant.

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Atividade 4 — Transforme em perguntas

Transforme as frases em perguntas.

Exemplo:

You speak English.
→ Do you speak English?

1. She works here.
2. They live in Brazil.
3. He likes pizza.
4. You are studying English.
5. She is cooking dinner.
6. They are watching a movie.
7. He visited New York.
8. You went to school yesterday.
9. She bought a new phone.
10. They played football last Saturday.

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Atividade 5 — Identifique o tempo verbal

Escreva:

• PS = Present Simple
• PC = Present Continuous
• PA = Past Simple

1. I work in an office.
2. She is talking to her mother.
3. They went to Spain last year.
4. He doesn't like fish.
5. We are learning English.
6. I watched a movie yesterday.
7. She studies every night.
8. They aren't working today.
9. Did you call John?
10. He plays tennis every Sunday.
11. I am reading a book.
12. We visited our friends last weekend.
13. Does she speak French?
14. They are having lunch.
15. I didn't go to work yesterday.

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Atividade 6 — Complete o diálogo

Complete usando Present Simple, Present Continuous ou Past Simple.

John: Hi, Sarah! What _______ you _______ (do)?

Sarah: I _______ (study) English.

John: Do you usually _______ (study) in the afternoon?

Sarah: Yes, I _______. I usually _______ (study) after lunch.

John: And what did you _______ (do) yesterday?

Sarah: I _______ (go) to the cinema with my friends.

John: Nice! What movie _______ you _______ (watch)?

Sarah: We _______ (watch) a comedy.

John: Did you _______ (like) it?

Sarah: Yes, we _______. It was very funny!

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Atividade 7 — Corrija o erro

Cada frase contém um erro. Encontre e corrija.

1. She work every day.
2. I am work now.
3. He don't like coffee.
4. They doesn't live here.
5. Did you went to school yesterday?
6. She didn't went to work.
7. Are you speak English?
8. Does he works here?
9. I am study English.
10. They was watching TV.
11. He go to work yesterday.
12. We didn't watched the movie.
13. Is she work today?
14. Do you studying English?
15. She don't studies French.

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Atividade 8 — Traduza para o inglês

1. Eu trabalho todos os dias.
2. Eu estou trabalhando agora.
3. Eu trabalhei ontem.
4. Ela não gosta de café.
5. Ela não está trabalhando hoje.
6. Ela não trabalhou ontem.
7. Você fala inglês?
8. Você está estudando inglês?
9. Você estudou inglês ontem?
10. Ele mora em Londres.
11. Ele está morando com os pais atualmente.
12. Ele morou em Londres em 2020.
13. Nós não assistimos TV todos os dias.
14. Nós não estamos assistindo TV agora.
15. Nós não assistimos TV ontem.
16. Eles jogam futebol todos os sábados.
17. Eles estão jogando futebol agora.
18. Eles jogaram futebol ontem.
19. Ela foi ao supermercado ontem.
20. Ela está indo ao supermercado agora.

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Atividade 9 — Escolha o tempo correto

Complete com o verbo entre parênteses.

1. Every morning, Carlos _______ (drink) coffee.
2. Listen! Someone _______ (sing).
3. I _______ (meet) my teacher yesterday.
4. She usually _______ (take) the bus.
5. We _______ (not / work) today.
6. They _______ (travel) to France last summer.
7. What _______ you _______ (do) now?
8. What _______ you _______ (do) yesterday?
9. Where _______ you usually _______ (go) on weekends?
10. My sister _______ (not / like) vegetables.
11. Look! The children _______ (run).
12. He _______ (buy) a new computer last month.
13. _______ she _______ (work) here?
14. _______ she _______ (work) right now?
15. _______ she _______ (work) here last year?

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Atividade 10 — Produção

Responda às perguntas usando frases completas.

Present Simple — sua rotina

1. What time do you usually wake up?
2. What do you do in the morning?
3. Where do you work or study?
4. What do you usually eat for lunch?
5. What do you do in your free time?

Present Continuous — agora

6. What are you doing right now?
7. Are you studying English at the moment?
8. What are the people around you doing?
9. Are you using your computer?
10. What are you thinking about right now?

Past Simple — passado

11. What did you do yesterday?
12. Where did you go last weekend?
13. What did you eat yesterday?
14. Did you watch a movie last week?
15. Did you talk to a friend yesterday?

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Gabarito

Atividade 1

1. works
2. am watching
3. visited
4. doesn't like
5. are studying
6. plays
7. went
8. isn't working
9. Do / speak
10. Did / call
11. aren't watching
12. live
13. had
14. is sleeping
15. doesn't study

Atividade 2

1. B
2. C
3. B
4. A
5. C
6. B
7. B
8. A
9. B
10. A
11. A
12. B
13. A
14. B
15. A

Atividade 5

1. PS
2. PC
3. PA
4. PS
5. PC
6. PA
7. PS
8. PC
9. PA
10. PS
11. PC
12. PA
13. PS
14. PC
15. PA